Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Complication of PD (Except Infection)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Essentials of Clinical Dialysis

  • 1290 Accesses

Abstract

Peritoneal dialysis is an established form of renal replacement therapy. With its increasing popularity, we are now encountering a variety of complications. Noninfectious complications are usually less common as compared with infectious complications such as bacterial peritonitis. In this article, we discuss some of the common noninfectious complications of peritoneal dialysis such as chyloperitoneum, hemoperitoneum, herniation, hydrothorax, acid-base and electrolyte disorders, and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Since noninfectious complications are less common than infectious complications, diagnosis might be delayed due to lack of awareness. The awareness of these complications thus will help us in early diagnosis and treatment in patients with peritoneal dialysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahearn DJ, Nolph KD. Controlled sodium removal with peritoneal dialysis. ASAIO J. 1972;18(1):423–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen S, Matthews H. Surgical treatment of massive hydrothorax complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nephrol. 1991;36(6):299.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ananthakrishnan S, Sekercioglu N, Elias RM, Kim J, Oreopoulos D, Chu M, et al. Peritoneal dialysis outcomes in a modern cohort of overweight patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014;46(1):183–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Apostolidis N, Tzardis P, Manouras A, Kostenidou M, Katirtzoglou A. The incidence of postoperative hernia as related to the site of insertion of permanent peritoneal catheter. Am Surg. 1988;54(5):318.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bargman J, Jamison R. Disorders of potassium homeostasis. Diuretics: physiology, pharmacology and clinical use. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1986. p. 296–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benz RL, Schleifer CR. Hydrothorax in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: successful treatment with intrapleural tetracycline and a review of the literature. Am J Kidney Dis. 1985;5(2):136–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bjerke HS, Adkins E, Foglia RP. Surgical correction of hydrothorax from diaphragmatic eventration in children on peritoneal dialysis. Surgery. 1991;109(4):550–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blake P, Abraham G. Bloody effluent during CAPD in a patient with pol Ycystic kidneys. Perit Dial Int. 1988;8(2):167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumenkrantz MJ, Gallagher N, Bashore RA, Tenckhoff H. Retrograde menstruation in women undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;57(5):667–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley J, McWhinnie D, Hamilton D, Starnes F, Macpherson S, Seywright M, et al. Sclerosing obstructive peritonitis after continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Lancet. 1983;322(8341):113–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown MC, Simpson K, Kerssens JJ, Mactier RA, Scottish RR. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in the new millennium: a national cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(7):1222–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Clark C, Terris R. Sclerosing peritonitis associated with metoprolol. Lancet. 1983;321(8330):937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conte F, Tommasi A, Battini G, Ferrario G, Meroni M, Volpi A, et al. Lactic acidosis coma in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephron. 1986;43(2):148.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daugirdas J, Gandhi V. Peritoneal sclerosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Nephrol. 1984;4(3):173–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daugirdas J, Gandhi V, McShane A, Leehey D, Chan A, Jablokow V. Peritoneal sclerosis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients dialyzed exclusively with lactate-buffered dialysate. Int J Artif Organs. 1986;9(6):413.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Vecchi A, Castelnovo C, Scalamogna A, Paparella M. Symptomatic accidental introduction of disinfectant electrolytic chloroxidizer solution into the peritoneal cavity of CAPD patients. Incidence and long-term effects on ultrafiltration. Clin Nephrol. 1992;37(4):204–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Digenis GE, Khanna R, Mathews R, Oreopoulos DG. Abdominal hernias in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 1982;2(3):115–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobbie J. Pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosing syndromes (sclerosing peritonitis) in peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 1992;12(1):14–27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durand P, Chanliau J, Gamberoni J, Hestin D, Kessler M. Routine measurement of hydrostatic intraperitoneal pressure. Adv Perit Dial. 1992;8:108–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feriani M, Biasioli S, Borin D, Bragantini L, Brendolan A, Chiaramonte S, et al. Bicarbonate buffer for CAPD solution. ASAIO J. 1985;31(1):668–72.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foulks C, Wright L. Successful repletion of bicarbonate stores in ongoing lactic acidosis: a role for bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis. South Med J. 1981;74(9):1162.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraley DS, Johnston JR, Bruns FJ, Adler S, Segel DR. Rupture of ovarian cyst: massive hemoperitoneum in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Kidney Dis. 1988;12(1):69–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Francis D, Busmanis I, Becker G. Peritoneal calcification in a peritoneal dialysis patient: a case report. Perit Dial Int. 1990;10(3):237–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gandhi VC, Humayun HM, Ing TS, Daugirdas JT, Jablokow VR, Iwatsuki S, et al. Sclerotic thickening of the peritoneal membrane in maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients. Arch Intern Med. 1980;140(9):1201–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garella S. Contraction alkalosis in patients on CAPD. Perit Dial Int. 1984;4(3):187–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gault MH, Ferguson E, Sidhu J, Corbin R. Fluid and electrolyte complications of peritoneal dialysis: choice of dialysis solutions. Ann Intern Med. 1971;75(2):253–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodkin DA, Benning MG. An outpatient maneuver to treat bloody effluent during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Perit Dial Int. 1990;10(3):227–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodlad C, Tarzi R, Gedroyc W, Lim A, Moser S, Brown EA. Screening for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: role of CT scanning. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(4):1374–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graves JW. Cerebral dysfunction and respiratory alkalosis during peritoneal dialysis with D-lactate-containing dialysis fluids. Am J Med. 1987;82(3):572–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg A, Bernardini J, Piraino BM, Johnston JR, Perlmutter JA. Hemoperitoneum complicating chronic peritoneal dialysis: single-center experience and literature review. Am J Kidney Dis. 1992;19(3):252–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenlee H, Stanley M, Reinhardt G, Chejfec G, editors. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) from compression and kinking of intestine by thickened peritoneum in cirrhotics with ascites treated with LeVeen shunt. Gastroenterology; 1979: WB Saunders Co Independence Square West Curtis Center, STE 300, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3399

    Google Scholar 

  • Grefberg N, Nilsson P, Andreen T, Hauglustaine D, Monballyu J, Van Meerbeek J, et al. Sclerosing obstructive peritonitis, beta-blockers, and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Lancet. 1983;322(8352):733–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harnett JD, Gill D, Corbett L, Parfrey PS, Gault H. Recurrent hemoperitoneum in women receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(3):341–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hashim SA, Roholt HB, Babayan VK, Vanitallie TB. Treatment of Chyluria and Chylothorax with medium-chain triglyceride. N Engl J Med. 1964;270:756–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hassell L, Moore J Jr, Conklin J. Hemoperitoneum during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a possible complication of radiation induced peritoneal injury. Clin Nephrol. 1984;21(4):241–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hauglustaine D, Van Meerbeek J, Monballyu J, Goddeeris P, Lauwerijns J, Michielsen P. Sclerosing peritonitis with mural bowel fibrosis in a patient on long-term CAPD. Clin Nephrol. 1984;22(3):158–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hidai H, Takatsu S, Chiba T. Intrathoracic instillation of autologous blood in treating massive hydrothorax following CAPD. Perit Dial Int. 1989;9(3):221–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hollman A, McMillan M, Briggs J, Junor B, Morley P. Ultrasound changes in sclerosing peritonitis following continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Clin Radiol. 1991;43(3):176–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Husserl F, Tapia N. Peritoneal bleeding in a CAPD patient after extracorporeal lithotripsy. Perit Dial Int. 1987;7(4):262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ing T, Daugirdas J, Gandhi V, Leehey D. Sclerosing peritonitis after peritoneal dialysis. Lancet. 1983;322(8358):1080.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joffe P, Jensen LT. Type I and III procollagens in CAPD: markers of peritoneal fibrosis. Adv Perit Dial. 1991;7:158–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Junor BJ, McMillan MA. Immunosuppression in sclerosing peritonitis. Adv Perit Dial. 1993;9:187.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Junor BJ, Briggs JD, Forwell MA, Dobbie JW, Henderson I. Sclerosing peritonitis-the contribution of chlorhexidine in alcohol. Perit Dial Int. 1985;5(2):101–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman H Jr, Adams M. Indirect inguinal hernia in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Surgery. 1986;99(2):254–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawanishi H. Surgical and medical treatments of encapsulation peritoneal sclerosis. Contrib Nephrol. 2012;177:38–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawanishi H, Kawaguchi Y, Fukui H, Hara S, Imada A, Kubo H, et al. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in Japan: a prospective, controlled, multicenter study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44(4):729–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawanishi H, Shintaku S, Moriishi M, Dohi K, Tsuchiya S. Seventeen years’ experience of surgical options for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Adv Perit Dial. 2011;27:53–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenamond TG, Graves JW, Lempert KD, Moss AH, Whittier FC. Severe recurrent alkalemia in a patient undergoing continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis. Am J Med. 1986;81(3):548–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khoury AE, Charendoff J, Balfe JW, McLorie GA, Churchill BM. Hernias associated with CAPD in children. Adv Perit Dial. 1991;7:279–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JE, Park SJ, Oh JY, Kim JH, Lee JS, Kim PK, et al. Noninfectious complications of peritoneal dialysis in Korean children: a 26-year single-center study. Yonsei Med J. 2015a;56(5):1359–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim HW, Ryu GW, Park CH, Kang EW, Park JT, Han SH, et al. Hyponatremia predicts new-onset cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis patients. PLoS One. 2015b;10(6):e0129480.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kittur DS, Korpe SW, Raytch RE, Smith GW. Surgical aspects of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. Arch Surg. 1990;125(12):1626–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korzets A, Korzets Z, Peer G, Papo J, Stern D, Bernheim J, et al. Sclerosing peritonitis. Am J Nephrol. 1988;8(2):143–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • La Greca G, Biasioli S, Chiaramonte S, Davi M, Fabris A, Feriani M, et al. Acid-base balance on peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nephrol. 1981;16(1):1–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YC, Hung SY, Wang HH, Wang HK, Lin CW, Chang MY, et al. Different risk of common gastrointestinal disease between groups undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis or with non-end stage renal disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine. 2015;94(36):e1482.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leport J, Mayne D, Devars J-F, Hay J-M, Cerf M. Chylous ascites and encapsulating peritonitis: unusual complications of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1987;82(5):463–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lew SQ. Hemoperitoneum: bloody peritoneal dialysate in ESRD patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2007;27(3):226–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman FL, Hidemura R, Peters RL, Reynolds TB. Pathogenesis and treatment of hydrothorax complicating cirrhosis with ascites. Ann Intern Med. 1966;64(2):341–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm B, Alvestrand A, Hultman E, Ström JB. Muscle water and electrolytes in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Acta Med Scand. 1986;219(3):323–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lo W-K, Chan K-T, Leung A, Pang S-W, Tse CY. Sclerosing peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with the use of chlorhexidine in alcohol. Adv Perit Dial. 1990;6:79–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maher JF, Schreiner GE. Hazards and complications of dialysis. N Engl J Med. 1965;273(7):370–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mestas D, Wauquier J, Escande G, Baguet J, Veyr A. Diagnosis of hydrothorax-complicating CAPD and demonstration of successful therapy by scintigraphy. Perit Dial Int. 1991;11(3):283–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Modi K, Grant A, Garret A, Rodger R. Indirect inguinal hernia in CAPD patients with polycystic kidney disease. Adv Perit Dial. 1989;5:84–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moffat F, Deitel M, Thompson D. Abdominal surgery in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis. Surgery. 1982;92(4):598–604.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mori T, Oba I, Koizumi K, Kodama M, Shimanuki M, Tanno M, et al. Beneficial role of tolvaptan in the control of body fluids without reductions in residual renal function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Adv Perit Dial. 2013;29:33–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nace GS, George AL, Stone WJ. Hemoperitoneum: a red flag in CAPD. Perit Dial Int. 1985;5(1):42–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakao M, Yokoyama K, Yamamoto I, Matsuo N, Tanno Y, Ohkido I, et al. Risk factors for encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in long-term peritoneal dialysis: a retrospective observational study. Ther Apher Dial. 2014;18(1):68–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama M, Miyazaki M, Honda K, Kasai K, Tomo T, Nakamoto H, et al. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in the era of a multi-disciplinary approach based on biocompatible solutions: the NEXT-PD study. Perit Dial Int. 2014;34(7):766–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Namasivayam J. Intraperitoneal pseudocyst formation as a complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Br J Radiol. 1991;64(761):463–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nomoto Y, Suga T, Nakajima K, Sakai H, Osawa G, Ota K, et al. Acute hydrothorax in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis–a collaborative study of 161 centers. Am J Nephrol. 1989;9(5):363–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nomoto Y, Kawaguchi Y, Kubo H, Hirano H, Sakai S, Kurokawa K. Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a report of the Japanese Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis study group. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;28(3):420–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor J, Rigby R, Hardie I, Wall D, Strong R, Woodruff P, et al. Abdominal hernias complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am J Nephrol. 1986;6(4):271–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oreopoulos D, Khanna R, Wu G. Sclerosing obstructive peritonitis after CAPD. Lancet. 1983;322(8346):409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulson WD, Bock GH, Nelson AP, Moxey-Mims MM, Crim LM. Hyponatremia in the very young chronic peritoneal dialysis patient. Am J Kidney Dis. 1989;14(3):196–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen F, Ryttov N, Deleuran P, Dragsholt C, Kildeberg P. Acetate versus lactate in peritoneal dialysis solutions. Nephron. 1985;39(1):55–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Porter J, Wang W, Oliveira D. Chylous ascites and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1991;6(9):659–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Posen G, Sachs H. Treatment of recurrent pleural effusions in dialysis patients by talc insufflation. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1979;8:75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner JB, Plum F. Spinal-fluid pH and neurologic symptoms in systemic acidosis. N Engl J Med. 1967;277(12):605–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Power D, Edward N, Catto G, Muirhead N, MacLeod A, Engeset J. Richter’s hernia: an unrecognised complication of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981;283(6290):528.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Press OW, Press NO, Kaufman SD. Evaluation and management of chylous ascites. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96(3):358–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pusateri R, Ross R, Marshall R, Meredith JH, Hamilton RW. Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: report of a case with small bowel obstruction managed by long-term home parenteral hyperalimentation, and a review of the literature. Am J Kidney Dis. 1986;8(1):56–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos J, Burke D, Veitch P. Hernia of Morgagni in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Lancet. 1982;319(8264):161–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson RM, Roscoe JM. Bicarbonate, l-lactate and d-lactate balance in intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 1986;6(4):178–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossoff LJ. Tension hydrothorax in a patient with renal failure. Chest J. 1990;97(5):1254–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rostand SG. Profound hypokalemia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Arch Intern Med. 1983;143(2):377–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rottembourg J editor Severe abdominal complications in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. In: Proc EDTA; 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin J, Adair C, Johnson B, Bower J. Stereospecific lactate absorption during peritoneal dialysis. Nephron. 1982;31(3):224–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutland J, Kalowski S. Spontaneous resolution of hydrothorax in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephron. 1992;61(2):247–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saha TC, Singh H. Noninfectious complications of peritoneal dialysis. South Med J. 2007;100(1):54–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de los Santos CA, von Eye O, Mottin CC. Rupture of the spleen: a complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 1986;6(4):203–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaldon S, Koch K, Quellhorst E, Dinarello C. Pathogenesis of sclerosing peritonitis in CAPD. ASAIO J. 1984;30(1):193–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slingeneyer A. Preliminary report on a cooperative international study on sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. Contrib Nephrol. 1987;57:239–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slingeneyer A, Mion C, Mourad G, Canaud B, Faller B, Beraud J. Progressive sclerosing peritonitis: a late and severe complication of maintenance peritoneal dialysis. ASAIO J. 1983;29(1):633–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spence P, Mathews R, Khanna R, Oreopoulos D. Improved results with a paramedian technique for the insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1985;161(6):585–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spital A, Sterns RH. Potassium supplementation via the dialysate in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1985;6(3):173–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki H, Inoue T, Kobayashi K, Shoda J, Nakamoto H, editors. The newly developed calcium antagonist, azelnidipine, increases drain volume in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. In: Advances in peritoneal dialysis Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tattersall JE, Dick C, Doyle S, Greenwood RN, Farrington K. Alkalosis and hypomagnesaemia: unwanted effects of a low-calcium CAPD solution. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10(2):258–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend R, Fragola JA. Hydrothorax in a patient receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: successful treatment with intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Arch Intern Med. 1982;142(8):1571–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Twardowski Z, Khanna R, Nolph K, Scalamogna A, Metzler M, Schneider T, et al. Intraabdominal pressures during natural activities in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephron. 1986;44(2):129–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Twardowski Z, Schreiber M, Burkart J. A 55-year-old man with hematuria and blood-tinged dialysate. Perit Dial Int. 1992;12(1):61–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tzamaloukas AH, Avasthi PS. Effect of hyperglycemia on serum sodium concentration and tonicity in outpatients on chronic dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1986;7(6):477–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaamonde CA, Michael UF, Metzger RA, Carroll KE. Complications of acute peritoneal dialysis. J Chronic Dis. 1975;28(11):637–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vashistha T, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Molnar MZ, Torlen K, Mehrotra R. Dialysis modality and correction of uremic metabolic acidosis: relationship with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8(2):254–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vlachojannis J, Boettcher I, Brandt L, Schoeppe W. A new treatment for unilateral recurrent hydrothorax during CAPD. Perit Dial Int. 1985;5(3):180–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang JY, Lin Y-F, Lin SH, Tsao TY. Hemoperitoneum due to splenic rupture in a CAPD patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Perit Dial Int. 1998;18(3):334–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherington GM, Leapman SB, Robison RJ, Filo RS. Abdominal wall and inguinal hernias in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Surg. 1985;150(3):357–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto T, Matsuda J, Kadoya H, Namba T, Takeji M, Yamauchi A. Azelnidipine-induced chyloperitoneum in a patient with microscopic polyangiitis. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2010;14(5):496–500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimoto K, Saima S, Echizen H, Nakamura Y, Ishizaki T. A drug-induced turbid peritoneal dialysate in five patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nephrol. 1993;40(2):114–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimoto K, Saima S, Nakamura Y, Nakayama M, Kubo H, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Dihydropyridine type calcium channel blocker-induced turbid dialysate in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nephrol. 1998;50(2):90–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Resource Development of Dialysis Therapy for Kidney Disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan

    Hitoshi Sugiyama M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

    Toshio Yamanari M.D.

  3. Department of Medical Information, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan

    Hiroshi Morinaga M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Hitoshi Sugiyama M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Toshio Yamanari M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hiroshi Morinaga M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hitoshi Sugiyama M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)

    Yong-Lim Kim

  2. Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan

    Hideki Kawanishi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sugiyama, H., Yamanari, T., Morinaga, H. (2018). Complication of PD (Except Infection). In: Kim, YL., Kawanishi, H. (eds) The Essentials of Clinical Dialysis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1100-9_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1100-9_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1099-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1100-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation