Abstract
Industrial sector in India is witnessing rapid growth since the last decade of twentieth century with reforms in economic laws and with establishment of special economic zones (SEZ). Such rapid industrial growth has also increased threat to the environment. In spite of great difficulty in its remediation in comparison with polluted air and water, soil pollution as a threat to human life is by and large ignored at national level in India due to lack of comprehensive information on the subject. Though coordinated effort on assessment of soil pollution is absent at national level, sporadic information has been generated by several researchers on various aspects of pollution affecting soil quality. This chapter analyses these information and attempts to assess the quantum of threat being faced by agroecosystem in the country. It indicates that soil resources are facing threats from deliberate use of contaminated organics, amendment materials and irrigation water or from atmospheric depositions, spillage of effluents etc. Nature pollutants varies from salts, toxic metals, metalloids, persistent organics with varying degree of toxicity and may be of both industrial and geogenic origins.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adhikari S, Gupta SK, Banerjee SK (1993) Heavy metals content of city sewage and sludge. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 41:170–172
Adhikari T, Wanjari RH, Biswas AK et al (2012) Final Report of the project entitled “Impact assessment of continuous fertilization on heavy metals and microbial diversity in soils under long-term fertilizer experiment” (Submitted to Ministry of Forest and Environment, New Delhi), p 175
Alam MG, Snow ET, Tanaka A (2003) Arsenic and heavy metal contamination of vegetables grown in Samta village, Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 308:83–96
Ansari AA, Singh IB, Tobschall HJ (1999) Status of anthropogenically induced metal pollution in the Kanpur-Unnao industrial region of the ganga plain, India. Environ Geol 38:25–33
ATSDR (2001) Toxicological profile for selenium. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health And Human Services, Public Health Service, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta, Georgia
ATSDR (2005) Toxicological profile for nickel. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health And Human Services, Public Health Service, Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch, Atlanta, Georgia
Balagangatharathilagar M, Swarup D, Patra RC, Dwivedi SK (2006) Blood lead level in dogs from urban and rural areas of India and its relation to animal and environmental variables. Sci Total Environ 359:130–134
Balakrishnan M, Antony SA et al (2008) Impact of dyeing industrial effluents on the groundwater quality in Kancheepuram (India). Indian J Sci Technol 1:1–8
Beijer K, Gao K, Jonsson ME et al (2013) Effluent from drug manufacturing affects cytochrome P4501 regulation and function in fish. Chemosphere 90:1149–1157
Bhagure GR, Mirgane SR (2011) Heavy metal concentrations in groundwaters and soils of thane region of Maharashtra, India. Environ Monit Assess 173:643–652
Bhattacharya P, Samal AC, Majumdar J, Santra SC (2009) Transfer of arsenic from groundwater and Paddy soil to Rice plant (Oryza sativa L.): a micro level study in West Bengal, India. World J Agric Sci 5:425–431
Bhattacharya P, Samal AC, Majumdar J, Santra SC (2010) Arsenic contamination in rice, wheat, pulses, and vegetables: a study inan arsenic affected area of West Bengal, India. Water Air Soil Pollut 213:3–13
Bhupal Raj G, Singh MV, Patnaik MC, Khadke KM (2009) Four decades of research on micro- and secondary- nutrients and pollutant elements in Andhra Pradesh. Research Bulletin. AICRP Micro- and Secondary-Nutrients and Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plants, IISS, Bhopal, pp 1–132
BIS (2012) Indian standard: drinking water-specification, 2nd revision, ICS 13.060.20. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
Business Standard (2015) NGT flays UP, MP government for pollution in Singrauli. http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ngt-flays-up-mp-government-for-pollution-in-singrauli-115100600689_1.html#. Accessed 6 Oct 2015
CGWB (1999) High incidence of arsenic in groundwater in West Bengal. Central Ground Water Board, India, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India
Chakraborti D, Biswas BK, Chowdhury TR et al (1999) Arsenic groundwater contamination and sufferings of people in Rajnandgaon, Madhya Pradesh, India. Curr Sci India 77:502–504
Chakraborti D, Mukherjee SC, Pati S et al (2003) Arsenic groundwater contamination in middle ganga plain, Bihar, India: a future danger? Environ Health Perspect 111:1194–1201
Chakraborti D, Das B, Rahman MM et al (2009) Status of groundwater arsenic contamination in the state of West Bengal, India: a 20-year study report. Mol Nutr Food Res 53:542–551. doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700517
Chakraborti D, Rahman MM, Murrill M et al (2013) Environmental arsenic contamination and its health effects in a historic gold mining area of the Mangalur greenstone belt of northeastern Karnataka, India. J Hazard Mater 262:1048–1055
Chetia M, Chatterjee S, Banerjee S et al (2011) Groundwater arsenic contamination in Brahamputra river basin: a water quality assessment in Golaghat (Assam), India. Environ Monit Assess 173:371–385
Choudhury UK, Rahaman MM, Mondal BKGK et al (2001) Groundwater arsenic contamination and sufferings of people in West Bengal, India and Bangladesh. Environ Sci 8:393–415
CPCB (2009) Comprehensive Environmental Assessment of Industrial Clusters. Ecological Impact Assessment Series: EIAS/5/2009–2010. Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India
CPCB (2011) Report on SPM characterization for heavy metals concentration: Study areas-Raipur & Raigarh in Chhatisgarh state 2010–2011. Central Pollution Control Board, Bhopal. http://cpcb.nic.in/SPMCharacterization.pdf Accessed 19 Aug 2016
CWGB (2013) Central Ground Water Board, Govt. of India. http://gis2.nic.in/cgwb/Gemsdata.aspx. Accessed 16 Jan 2013
Dahal BM, Fuerhacker M, Mentler A (2008) Arsenic contamination of soils and agricultural plants through irrigation water in Nepal. Environ Pollut 155:157–163
Das HK, Mitra AK, Sengupta PK et al (2004) Arsenic concentrations in rice, vegetables, and fish in Bangladesh: a preliminary study. Environ Int 30:383–387
Devanathan G, Subramanian A, Sudaryanto A et al (2012) Brominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in human breast milk from several locations in India: potential contaminant sources in a municipal dumping site. Environ Int 39:87–95
Dhal B, Das NN, Pandey BD, Thatoi HN (2010) Environmental quality of the boula-nuasahi chromite mine area in India. Mine Water Environ 30:191–196
Dhillon KS, Dhillon SK (2003) Distribution and management of seleniferous soils. Adv Agron 79:120–184
Elangovan D, Chalakh ML (2006) Arsenic Pollution in West Bengal. Technical Digest, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, Issue 9, pp 31–35. https://www.nabard.org/pdf/issue9td-8.pdf Accessed 12 Aug 2016
Farid ATM, Roy KC, Hossain KM, Sen R (2003) A study of arsenic contaminated irrigation water and it’s carried over effect on vegetable. Fate of arsenic in the environment. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, pp 113–121
Feng J, Wang Y, Zhao J et al (2011) Source attributions of heavy metals in rice plant along highway in eastern China. J Environ Sci 23:1158–1164
Garari TK, Das DK, Sarkar S (2000) Effect of iron and zinc application on the availability of native and applied arsenic simulating low land rice condition. Paper presented at the International Conference on managing natural resources for sustainable agricultural production in the 21st Century, held at the New Delhi 14–18 February 2000
Ghose MK (2004) Effect of opencast mining on soil fertility. J Environ Indus Res 63:1006–1009
Goswami S, Das M, Guru BC (2008) Environmental impact of Siljora opencast manganese mining, Keonjhar: an overview. Vistas Geol Res 7:121–131
Goswami S, Mishra JS, Das M (2010a) Environmental impact of manganese mining: a case study of Dubna opencast mine, Keonjhar district, Orissa, India. J Ecophysiol Occup Health 9:189–197
Goswami S, Das M, Guru BC (2010b) Environmental degradation due to exploitation of mineral resources: a scenario in Orissa. The Bioscan 2:295–304
Govil PK, Reddy GL, Krishna AK (2001) Contamination of soil due to heavy metals in the Patancheru industrial development area, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geol 41:461–469
Govil PK, Sorlie JE, Murthy NN et al (2008) Soil contamination of heavy metals in the Katedan industrial development area, Hyderabad, India. Environ Monit Assess 140:313–323
Gowd SS, Reddy MR, Govil PK (2010) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the ganga plain, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Hazard Mater 174:113–121
Grossi G, Lichtig J, Krauβ P (1998) PCDD/F, PCB and PAH content of Brazilian compost. Chemosphere 37:2153–2160
Gupta DK, Chatterjee S, Datta S et al (2014) Role of phosphate fertilizers in heavy metal uptake and detoxification of toxic metals. Chemosphere 108:134–144
Halder D, Bhowmick S, Biswas A et al (2013) Risk of arsenic exposure from drinking water and dietary components: implications for risk Management in Rural Bengal. Environ Sci Technol 47:1120–1127
Halder D, Biswas A, Šlejkovec Z, Chatterjee D et al (2014) Arsenic species in raw and cooked rice: implications for human health in rural Bengal. Sci Total Environ 497-498:200–208
Huang RQ, Gao SF, Wang WL (2006) Soil arsenic availability and the transfer of soil arsenic to crops in suburban areas in Fujian Province, Southeast China. Sci Total Environ 368:531–541
Jain N, Bhatia A et al (2005) Impact of post-Methanation distillery effluent irrigation on groundwater quality. Environ Monit Assess 110:243–255
Jena D, Nayak MK, Acharya N, Singh MV (2003). Fluoride Distribution in Soil, Water and Plant in the Vicinity of NALCO Smelter Plnat at Angul in Orissa. In: Environmental Pollution-Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment (WE-2003) 15–18 December 2003, Bhopal, India, pp 188–194
Jones KC, Johnston AE (1989) Cadmium in cereal grain and herbage from long-term experimental plots at Rothamsted, UK. Environ Pollut 57:199–216
Juwarkar A, Singh SK, Dubay K, Nimje M (2003) Reclamation of Iron Mine Spoil Waste Dumps Using Integrated Biotechnological Approach. In: Proceedings of national seminar on status of environmental management in mining industry, Varanasi, January 17–18, pp 197–212
Kabata-Pendias A (2000) Trace element in soils and plants, Third edn. CRC Press, Baton Raton, p 432
Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias K (1984) Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC press, Boca Raton, p 315
Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H (1992) Trace elements in soils and plants. CRC Press, Baton Raton, p 365
Kanmani S, Gandhimathi R (2013) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil due to leachate migration from an open dumping site. Appl Water Sci 3:193–205
Kaul PP, Srivastava R, Srivastava SP et al (2002) Relationships of maternal blood lead and disorders of pregnancy to neonatal birth weight. Vet Human toxicol J 44:321–323
Krishna AK, Govil PK (2008) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Manali industrial area, Chennai, southern India. Environ Geol 54:1465–1472
Kulshrestha S (2013) Report of the expert committee to frame a policy for monitoring of pesticide residues in Fruits & Vegetables. Ministry of Health & family Welfare, Nirman Bhawan
Kumar A, Maiti SK (2015) Assessment of potentially toxic heavy metal contamination in agricultural fields, sediment, and water from an abandoned chromite-asbestos mine waste of Roro hill, Chaibasa. India Environ Earth Sci. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4282-1
Larsson DJG, de-Pedro C, Paxeus N (2007) Effluent from drug manufactures contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals. J Hazard Mater 148:751–755
Lenka M, Panda KK, Panda BB (1992) Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a chloralkali plant. IV. Bioconcentration of mercury in in-situ aquatic and terrestrial plants at Ganjam, India. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 22:195–202
Maharia RS, Dutta RK, Acharya R, Reddy AVR (2010) Heavy metal bioaccumulation in selected medicinal plants collected from Khetri copper mines and comparison with those collected from fertile soil in Haridwar, India. J Environ Sci Health, Part B: Pesticides Food Contam Agr Wastes 45:174–181
Mahimairaja S, Sakthivel S, Divakaran J et al (2000) Extent and severity of contamination around tanning industries in Vellore district. In: Naidu R, Willett IR, Mahimairajah S, Kookana R, Ramasamy K (eds) Towards better management of soils contaminated with tannery wastes, ACIAR publication no 88. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, pp 75–82
Masto RE, Lal CR, Joshy G, Vetrivel AS et al (2011) Impacts of opencast coal mine and mine fire on the trace elements’ content of the surrounding soil Vis-à-Vis human health risk. Toxicol Environ Chem 93:223–237
McArthur JM, Banjeree DM, Hudson-Edwards KA et al (2004) Natural organic matter in sedimentary basins and its relation to arsenic in anoxic ground water: the example of West Bengal and its worldwide implications. Appl Geochem 19:1255–1293
McBride MB (1994) Environmental chemistry of soils. Oxford University Press Inc, New York
Ministry of Mines (2008) National mineral policy of India. Government of India
Ministry of Mines (2010) National mineral policy of India. Government of India
Mishra AK, Maiti SK, Pal AK (2013) Status of PM10 in bound heavy metals in ambient air in certain parts of Jharia coal field, Jharkhand, India. Int J Environ Sci 4:141–150
Mohanty M, Pattnaik MM, Mishra AK, Patra HK (2011) Chromium bioaccumulation in rice grown in contaminated soil and irrigated mine wastewater-a case study at south Kaliapani chromite mine area, Orissa, India. Int J Phytoremed 13:397–409
Mondal NC, Saxena VK et al (2005) Assessment of groundwater pollution due to tannery industries in and around Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India. Environ Geol 48:149–157
Mortvedt JJ (1987) Cadmium levels in soils and plants from some long-term soil fertility experiments in the United States of America. J Environ Qual 16:137–142
Mortvedt JJ (1996) Heavy metal contaminants in inorganic and organic fertilizers. Fert Res 43:55–61
Mukherjee A, Bhattacharya P (2001) Arsenic in groundwater in the Bengal Delta plain: slow poisoning in Bangladesh. Environ Rev 9:189–220
Mukherjee S, Nelliyat P (2007) Groundwater pollution and emerging environmental challenges of industrial effluent irrigation in Mettupalayam Taluk, Tamil Nadu. In: Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Discussion Paper 4, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, p 51
Mukherjee A, Sengupta MK, Hossain MA et al (2006) Arsenic contamination in groundwater: a global perspective with emphasis on the Asian scenario. J Health Popul Nutr 24:142–163
Norra S, Berner ZA, Agarwala P et al (2005) Impact of irrigation with arsenic rich groundwater on soil and crops: a geochemical case study in West Bengal delta plain, India. Appl Geochem 20:1890–1906
Pal R, Mahima A, Tripathi A (2014) Assessment of heavy metals in suspended particulate matter in Moradabad, India. J Environ Biol 35:357–361
Pandey B, Agrawal M, Singh S (2016) Ecological risk assessment of soil contamination by trace elements around coal mining area. J Soils Sediments 16:159–168
Panwar NR, Saha JK, Adhikari T et al (2010) Soil and water pollution in India: some case studies, IISS Technical Bulletin. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal
Parr JF, Papendick RI, Hornick SB, Meyer RE (2009) Soil quality: attributes and relationship to alternative and sustainable agriculture. Am J Altern Agric 7:5–11. doi:10.1017/S0889189300004367
Parth V, Murthy NN, Saxena PR (2011) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil around hazardous waste disposal sites in Hyderabad city (India): natural and anthropogenic implications. J Environ Res Manage 2:27–34
Patel KS, Ambade B, Sharma S et al (2010a) Lead Environmental Pollution in Central India. In: Ramov B (ed) New Trends in Technologies, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-trends-in-technologies/lead-environmental-pollution-in-central-India
Patel KP, Singh MV, George V, Ramani VP (2010b) Four decades of research on management of micro- and secondary- nutrients and pollutant elements in crops and soils of Gujarat. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal
Prakash O, Suar M, Raina V et al (2004) Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in soil and water samples from Delhi and adjoining areas. Curr Sci India 87:73–77
Rahman MA, Hasegawa H, Rahman MM (2007) Accumulation of arsenic in tissues of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) and its distribution in fractions of rice grain. Chemosphere 69:942–948
Rangasamy S, Purushothaman G, Alagirisamy B, Mahimairaja S (2015) Chromium contamination in soil and groundwater due to tannery wastes disposals at Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. Int J Environ Sci 6:114–124
Rao VVSG, Dhar RL, Subrahmanyam K (2001) Assessment of contaminant migration in groundwater from an industrial development area, Medak district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Water Air Soil Pollut 128:369–389
Ravenscroft P, McArthur JM, Hoque BA (2001) Geochemical and palaeohydrological controls on pollution of groundwater by arsenic. In: Chappel WR, Abernathy CO, Calderon R (eds) Arsenic exposure and health effects IV. Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford, pp 53–78
Rawat M, Ramanathan AL, Subramanian V (2009) Quantification and distribution of heavy metals from small scale industrial areas of Kanpur city, India. J Hazard Mater 172:1145–1149
Rothbaum HP, Goguel RL, Johnston AE, Mattingly GEG (1986) Cadmium accumulation in soils from long-continued applications of superphosphate. J Soil Sci 37:99–107
Roychowdhury T, Uchino T, Tokunaga H, Ando M (2002) Survey of arsenic in food composites from an arsenic-affected area of West Bengal, India. Food Chem Toxicol 40:1611–1621
Saha JK (2005) Changes in salinity and sodicity of soils with continuous application of contaminated water near industrial area. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 53:612–617
Saha JK, Sharma AK (2006) Impact of the use of polluted irrigation water on soil quality and crop productivity near Ratlam and Nagda industrial area. Agricultural Bulletin IISS-1. Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India
Saha JK, Panwar N et al (2010a) An assessment of municipal solid waste compost quality produced in different cities of India in the perspective of developing quality control indices. Waste Manag 30:192–201
Saha JK, Panwar N, Singh MV (2010b) Determination of lead and cadmium concentration limits in agricultural soil and municipal solid waste compost through an approach of zero tolerance to food contamination. Environ Monit Assess 168:397–406
Saha JK, Panwar N et al (2013a) Risk assessment of heavy metals in soil of a susceptible agro-ecological system amended with municipal solid waste compost. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 61:15–22
Saha JK, Rao AS, Mandal B (2013b) Integrated management of polluted soils for enhancing productivity and quality of crops. In: Gaur RK, Sharma P (eds) Approaches to plant stress and their management. Springer, New Delhi, pp 1–21
Samal AC, Kar S, Bhattacharya P, Santra SC (2011) Human exposure to arsenic through foodstuffs cultivated using arsenic contaminated groundwater in areas of West Bengal, India. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 46(11):1259–1265
Santra SC, Samal AC, Bhattacharya P et al (2013) Arsenic in food chain and community health risk: a study in Gangetic West Bengal. Proc Environ Sci 18:2–13
Sellamuthu KM, Mayilswami C et al (2011) Effect of textile and dye industrial pollution on irrigation water quality of Noyyal River basin of Tamil Nadu. Madras Agric J 98:129–135
Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Marshall FM (2008) Atmospheric deposition of heavy metal (copper, zinc, cadmium and lead) in Varanasi city, India. Environ Monit Assess 142:269–278
Sharma S, Goyal R, Sadana US (2014) Selenium accumulation and antioxidant status of rice plants grown on seleniferous soil from northwestern India. Rice Sci 21:327–334
Sharma S, Kaur J, Nagpal AK, Kaur I (2016) Quantitative assessment of possible human health risk associated with consumption of arsenic contaminated groundwater and wheat grains from Ropar Wetand and its environs. Environ Monit Assess. doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5507-9
Shyamsundar PC, Das M, Maiti SK (2014) Phytostabilization of Mosaboni copper mine tailings: a green step towards waste management. Appl Ecol Environ Res 12:25–32
Singh SK, Ghosh AK (2011) Entry of arsenic into food material – a case study. World Appl Sci J 13:385–390
Singh V, Brar MS, Sharma P, Brar BS (2011) Distribution of arsenic in groundwater and surface soils in south western districts of Punjab. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 59:376–380
Sinha S, Gupta AK, Bhatt K et al (2006) Distribution of metal in the edible plant grown at Jajmau, Kanpur (India) receiving treated tannery wastewater: relation with physico-chemical properties of the soil. Environ Monit Assess 115:1–22
Smedley PL, Zhang M, Zhang G, Luo Z (2003) Mobilisation of arsenic and other trace elements in fluviolacustrine aquifers of the Huhhot Basin, Inner Mongolia. Appl Geochem 18:1453–1477
Smilde KW, Van Luit B (1983) The effect of phosphate fertilizer on cadmium in soils and crops. Rapport 6–8, Inst. voor Bodemvruchtbaarheid, Oosterweg, pp 1–17
Smolders E (2001) Cadmium uptake by plants. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 14:177–183
Somasundaram MV, Ravindran G et al (1993) Ground-water pollution of the madras urban aquifer, India. Ground Water 31:4–11
Someya M, Ohtake M, Kunisue T et al (2010) Persistent organic pollutants in breast milk of mothers residing around an open dumping site in Kolkata, India: specific dioxin-like PCB levels and fish as a potential source. Environ Int 36:27–35
Stalin P, Singh MV, Muthumanickam D et al (2010) Four decades of research on micro and secondary nutrients and pollutant elements in crops and soils of Tamil Nadu. Research Publication No. 8. AICRP Micro- and Secondary- Nutrients and Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plants, IISS, Bhopal
Stracher GB, Taylor TP (2004) Coal fires burning out of control around the world: thermodynamic recipe for environmental catastrophe. Int J Coal Geol 59:7–17
Subramanian A, Tanabe S (2007) Persistent Toxic Substances in India. In: Li A, Tanabe S, Jiang G et al (eds) Developments in environmental science, vol 7. Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/S1474–8177(07)07009-X
Subramanian A, Kunisue T, Tanabe S (2015) Recent status of organohalogens, heavy metals and PAHs pollution in specific locations in India. Chemosphere 137:122–134
Swain BK, Goswami S, Das M (2011) Impact of mining on soil quality: a case study from Hingula open coal mine, Angul district, Orissa. Vistas Geol Res 10:77–81
Tiwari K, Pandey A, Pandey J (2008) Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in a seasonally dry tropical urban environment (India). J Environ Res Develop 2:605–611
Tiwary RK, Dhakate R, Rao VA, Singh VS (2005) Assessment and prediction of contaminant migration in ground water from chromite waste dump. Environ Geol 48:420–429
Tripathi A, Misra DR (2012) A study of physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in contaminated soils of municipal waste dumpsites at Allahabad, India. Int J Environ Sci 2:2024–2033
Tripathi RM, Ashawa SC, Khandekar RN (1993) Atmospheric depositions of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in Bombay, India. Atmos Environ 27:269–273
UNEP (2002) Environmental data report. United Nations Environmental Programme, Nairobi
USEPA (1999) Background report on fertilizer use, contamination and regulations, EPA-747-R-98-003. Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC
WHO (1988) Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: Arsenic. The 33rd meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 26, 155–162, Geneva
Yellishetty M, Ranjith PG, Kumar DL (2009) Metal concentrations and metal mobility in unsaturated mine wastes in mining areas of Goa, India. Resour Conserv Recycl 53:379–385
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saha, J.K., Selladurai, R., Coumar, M.V., Dotaniya, M.L., Kundu, S., Patra, A.K. (2017). Status of Soil Pollution in India. In: Soil Pollution - An Emerging Threat to Agriculture. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 10. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4274-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4274-4_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4273-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4274-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)