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Direct Photosynthetic Production of Plastic Building Block Chemicals from CO2

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Synthetic Biology of Cyanobacteria

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1080))

Abstract

Hydroxy acids have attracted attention as building block chemicals due to their roles as precursors for the production of various pharmaceuticals, vitamins, antibiotics, and flavor compounds as well as monomers for biodegradable plastic polyesters. The current approach to hydroxy acid production relies on nonrenewable fossil resources such as petroleum for raw materials, raising issues such as the rising costs of starting materials and environmental incompatibility. Recently, synthetic biology approaches based on the rational design and reconstruction of new biological systems were implemented to produce chemicals from a variety of renewable substrates. In addition to research using heterotrophic organic carbon-dependent Escherichia coli or yeasts, photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria possessing the ability to absorb solar radiation and fix carbon dioxide (CO2) as a sole carbon source have been engineered into a new type of microbial cell factory to directly produce hydroxy acids from CO2. In this chapter, recent progress regarding the direct photosynthetic production of three important hydroxy acids—3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP), 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3-HV)—from CO2 in cyanobacteria is summarized and discussed.

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Abbreviations

3PG:

D-3-phosphoglyceric acid

Acetyl-CoA/AcCOA:

Acetyl coenzyme A

ADP:

Adenosine 5′-diphosphate

ADP-GCS:

Adenosine-5′-diphosphoglucose

AKG:

α-ketoglutaric acid

AMP:

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate

ATP:

Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)

COA:

Coenzyme A hydrate

DHAP:

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

F6P:

D-Fructose 6-phosphate

FBP:

D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

FUM:

Sodium fumarate dibasic

G6P:

D-glucose 6-phosphate

GAP:

DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

GLU:

L-glutamic acid

iTRAQ:

Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation

KEGG:

Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes

LC-MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

NAD:

α-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADH:

NADH

NADP:

NADP

NADPH:

NADPH

OXA:

Oxaloacetic acid

PEP:

Phospho (enol) pyruvic acid

R5P:

D-ribose 5-phosphate

RiBP:

D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate

UDP-GCS:

Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [No. 21621004, 31770100, 31170043, 31270086, and 31370115], the National Basic Research Program of China (National “973” program) [No. 2014CB745101 and No. 2011CBA00803], and the National Science Foundation of Tianjin, China [No. 13JCQNJC09900].

Conflicts of Interest

All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

    Xinyu Song & Weiwen Zhang

  2. Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

    Xinyu Song, Yunpeng Wang, Jinjin Diao, Shubin Li, Lei Chen & Weiwen Zhang

  3. Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

    Xinyu Song, Yunpeng Wang, Jinjin Diao, Shubin Li, Lei Chen & Weiwen Zhang

  4. SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China

    Xinyu Song, Yunpeng Wang, Jinjin Diao, Shubin Li, Lei Chen & Weiwen Zhang

  5. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

    Xinyu Song

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    Xinyu Song

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Song, X., Wang, Y., Diao, J., Li, S., Chen, L., Zhang, W. (2018). Direct Photosynthetic Production of Plastic Building Block Chemicals from CO2. In: Zhang, W., Song, X. (eds) Synthetic Biology of Cyanobacteria. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1080. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_9

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