Abstract
Sleep is necessary for the execution of cognitive functions. Sleep disturbance causes cognitive impairment in humans as well as rodents. Sleep is essential for neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampus-based memory consolidation. This process is impaired by sleep deprivation and may involve multiple pathways. Hippocampus is an essential player in the brain, which is involved in the execution of various cognitive functions and maintains neurogenesis and synaptic processes. At the same time, it is also more vulnerable to stress. Caffeine and modafinil are recognized psychostimulants, known to improve sleep deprivation-induced cognitive function decline in humans as well as animals. Caffeine and modafinil are well-evaluated countermeasures against sleep deprivation-induced alterations in the neuronal cell proliferation and synaptic plasticity mechanism. The article describes the sleep deprivation-induced deficit in cognitive function, its molecular mechanism, and the effect of psychostimulant drugs, caffeine, and modafinil.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- ABP:
-
Arterial blood pressure
- ACTH:
-
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- BDNF:
-
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- BL:
-
Baseline
- BP:
-
Blood pressure
- CA:
-
Cornu Ammonis
- Caf:
-
Caffeine
- CNV:
-
Contingent negative variation
- CRH:
-
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
- DCX:
-
Doublecortin
- DG:
-
Dentate gyrus
- EC:
-
Entorhinal cortex
- ERP:
-
Event-related potential
- HC:
-
Hippocampus
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- HRV:
-
Heart rate variability
- LTD:
-
Long-term depression
- LTP:
-
Long-term potentiation
- Mod:
-
Modafinil
- MWM:
-
Morris water maze
- NORT:
-
Novel object recognition test
- NREM:
-
Non-rapid eye movement
- REM:
-
Rapid eye movement
- SD:
-
Sleep deprivation
- SGZ:
-
Subgranular zone
- SVZ:
-
Subventricular zone
- WCST:
-
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
References
Alhaider IA, Aleisa AM, Tran TT, Alkadhi KA (2010) Caffeine prevents sleep loss-induced deficits in long-term potentiation and related signaling molecules in the dentate gyrus. Eur J Neurosci 31(8):1368–1376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07175.x
Alhaider IA, Aleisa AM, Tran TT, Alkadhi KA (2011) Sleep deprivation prevents stimulation-induced increases of levels of P-CREB and BDNF: protection by caffeine. Mol Cell Neurosci 46(4):742–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2011.02.006
Alzoubi KH, Srivareerat M, Aleisa AM, Alkadhi KA (2013) Chronic caffeine treatment prevents stress-induced LTP impairment: the critical role of phosphorylated CaMKII and BDNF. J Mol Neurosci 49(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-012-9836-z.
Bachmann V, Klein C, Bodenmann S, Schafer N, Berger W, Brugger P et al (2012) The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism modulates sleep intensity: EEG frequency- and state-specificity. Sleep 35(3):335–344. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.1690.
Bonnet MH, Balkin TJ, Dinges DF, Roehrs T, Rogers NL, Wesensten NJ et al (2005) The use of stimulants to modify performance during sleep loss: a review by the sleep deprivation and stimulant task force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep 28(9):1163–1187
Chatterjee A, Ray K, Panjwani U, Thakur L, Anand JP (2012) Meditation as an intervention for cognitive disturbances following total sleep deprivation. Indian J Med Res 136(6):1031–1038
De Valck E, Cluydts R (2001) Slow-release caffeine as a countermeasure to driver sleepiness induced by partial sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res 10(3):203–209
Deng W, Aimone JB, Gage FH (2010) New neurons and new memories: how does adult hippocampal neurogenesis affect learning and memory? Nat Rev Neurosci 11(5):339–350. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2822
Gronli J, Soule J, Bramham CR (2013) Sleep and protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity: impacts of sleep loss and stress. Front Behav Neurosci 7:224. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00224
Kesslak JP, So V, Choi J, Cotman CW, Gomez-Pinilla F (1998) Learning upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger ribonucleic acid: a mechanism to facilitate encoding and circuit maintenance? Behav Neurosci 112(4):1012–1019
Killgore WD, Rupp TL, Grugle NL, Reichardt RM, Lipizzi EL, Balkin TJ (2008) Effects of dextroamphetamine, caffeine and modafinil on psychomotor vigilance test performance after 44 h of continuous wakefulness. J Sleep Res 17(3):309–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00654.x
Kitamura T, Saitoh Y, Takashima N, Murayama A, Niibori Y, Ageta H et al (2009) Adult neurogenesis modulates the hippocampus-dependent period of associative fear memory. Cell 139(4):814–827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.020
Kochman LJ, Fornal CA, Jacobs BL (2009) Suppression of hippocampal cell proliferation by short-term stimulant drug administration in adult rats. Eur J Neurosci 29(11):2157–2165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06759.x.
Malenka RC, Bear MF (2004) LTP and LTD: an embarrassment of riches. Neuron 44(1):5–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.012.
Morris RG (1989) Synaptic plasticity and learning: selective impairment of learning rats and blockade of long-term potentiation in vivo by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist AP5. J Neurosci 9(9):3040–3057
Orzel-Gryglewska J (2010) Consequences of sleep deprivation. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 23(1):95–114. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10001-010-0004-9
Panjwani U, Ray K, Chatterjee A, Bhaumik S, Kumar S (2010) Electrophysiological correlates of cognition improve with nap during sleep deprivation. Eur J Appl Physiol 108(3):549–556
Pierard C, Liscia P, Philippin JN, Mons N, Lafon T, Chauveau F et al (2007) Modafinil restores memory performance and neural activity impaired by sleep deprivation in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 88(1):55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2007.07.006
Rauchs G, Orban P, Schmidt C, Albouy G, Balteau E, Degueldre C et al (2008) Sleep modulates the neural substrates of both spatial and contextual memory consolidation. PLoS One 3(8):e2949. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002949
Ray K, Chatterjee A, Panjwani U, Kumar S, Sahu S, Ghosh S et al (2012) Modafinil improves event related potentials P300 and contingent negative variation after 24 h sleep deprivation. Life Sci 91(3–4):94–99
Rechtschaffen A (1998) Current perspectives on the function of sleep. Perspect Biol Med 41(3):359–390
Roman V, Van der Borght K, Leemburg SA, Van der Zee EA, Meerlo P (2005) Sleep restriction by forced activity reduces hippocampal cell proliferation. Brain Res 1065(1–2):53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.020
Sahu S, Kauser H, Ray K, Kishore K, Kumar S, Panjwani U (2013) Caffeine and modafinil promote adult neuronal cell proliferation during 48 h of total sleep deprivation in rat dentate gyrus. Exp Neurol 248:470–481
Scoville WB, Milner B (1957) Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 20(1):11–21
Siegel JM (2005) Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep. Nature 437(7063):1264–1271
Tadavarty R, Kaan TK, Sastry BR (2009) Long-term depression of excitatory synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons following sleep-deprivation. Exp Neurol 216(1):239–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.11.012
Taliaz D, Stall N, Dar DE, Zangen A (2010) Knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in specific brain sites precipitates behaviors associated with depression and reduces neurogenesis. Mol Psychiatry 15(1):80–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.67
Tobaldini E, Costantino G, Solbiati M, Cogliati C, Kara T, Nobili L et al (2016) Sleep, sleep deprivation, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 74(Pt B):321–329
Tononi G, Cirelli C (2014) Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration. Neuron 81(1):12–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025
Tripathi S, Jha SK (2016) Short-term total sleep deprivation alters delay-conditioned memory in the rat. Behav Neurosci 130(3):325–335
Tsanov M, Lyons DG, Barlow S, Gonzalez Reyes RE, O’Mara SM (2010) The psychostimulant modafinil facilitates water maze performance and augments synaptic potentiation in dentate gyrus. Neuropharmacology 59(1–2):9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.010
Wadhwa M, Sahu S, Kumari P, Kauser H, Ray K, Panjwani U (2015) Caffeine and modafinil given during 48 h sleep deprivation modulate object recognition memory and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus of the rat. Behav Brain Res 294:95–101
Wesensten NJ, Belenky G, Thorne DR, Kautz MA, Balkin TJ (2004) Modafinil vs. caffeine: effects on fatigue during sleep deprivation. Aviat Space Environ Med 75(6):520–525
Yoo SS, Hu PT, Gujar N, Jolesz FA, Walker MP (2007) A deficit in the ability to form new human memories without sleep. Nat Neurosci 10(3):385–392
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Panjwani, U., Wadhwa, M., Ray, K., Kishore, K. (2019). Sleep Deprivation, Cognitive Functions, and Countermeasures. In: Jha, S., Jha, V. (eds) Sleep, Memory and Synaptic Plasticity. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2814-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2814-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2813-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2814-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)