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Infantile Radiation and Aging Stresses: Effects of Calorie and Dietary Restrictions

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Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology

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Abstract

Biological macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in all living things are always exposed to endogenous and exogenous stress. An accumulation of damaged macromolecules in cells can lead to a decrease in normal cellular function and eventual cell death and/or carcinogenesis.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be major endogenous stressors which cause damage to macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids during aging. By contrast, ionizing radiation is an exogenous stressor which causes damage indiscriminately and abruptly to macromolecules, especially DNA, and increases cancer risk.

Lifelong calorie and dietary restrictions (CR/DR) are well known to have preventive effects on the onset of many age-associated disorders, including spontaneous cancers, and extend mean and maximum life span in various animals. However, limited information is available on the effect of CR/DR on intensive damage during infancy and on cumulative damages during aging.

Recent studies suggest that the level of protein carbonyls is correlated with cell death and spontaneous mutation rate. Therefore, it is of great interest to determine whether CR/DR reduces the level of accumulated altered proteins with age and prevents carcinogenesis.

Here, we describe our studies suggesting that CR initiated after infant radiation improves life span and reduces carcinogenesis and that short-term DR initiated even later in life attenuates the effects on accumulation of altered proteins, including carbonylated proteins.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan

    Yi Shang, Shizuko Kakinuma & Yoshiya Shimada

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan

    Keiko Odera & Ryoya Takahashi

Authors
  1. Yi Shang
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  2. Keiko Odera
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  3. Shizuko Kakinuma
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  4. Yoshiya Shimada
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  5. Ryoya Takahashi
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Correspondence to Ryoya Takahashi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    Pramod C. Rath

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Shang, Y., Odera, K., Kakinuma, S., Shimada, Y., Takahashi, R. (2019). Infantile Radiation and Aging Stresses: Effects of Calorie and Dietary Restrictions. In: Rath, P. (eds) Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3585-3_16

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