Sustainable Design and Development of Stubble Removing Agricultural Machine for Stopping the Burning of Paddy Stubble

Abstract

India is an emerging economy and has shown a great increase in the production of crops particularly after the green revolution. New kinds of seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and sowing techniques have helped a lot in meeting the needs of the country in terms of grains produced per hectare. Due to the rapid development, there is an increase in the overall pollution giving rise to greenhouse gases, and ultimately depleting the ozone layer along with the rise in the seawater level causing various problems. Air pollution is particularly increasing various respiratory diseases in small children, which is a major concern for society. Rice and wheat are the most popular cultivation in India, which produced stubble. However, wheat stubble can be used as fodder for the cattle, but rice stubble is avoided as it has high silica content. To reduce the ever-increasing pollution, the stubble removing machine (SRM) is designed and developed for fully controlling the pollution due to the burning of paddy stubble. Earlier the only method to clear the agriculture land was to burn the paddy stubble after the harvesting or use machines designed for different applications. Burning of stubble creates a lot of harmful gases like $CO_{x}$$,NO_{x} ,$ and their derivatives. Various other machines were developed including stubble management system (SMS) and its higher version called super SMS but were not so promising according to their application procedure. The present developed machine works on the principle of cutting, collecting, and managing the paddy stubble and clears the fields instantaneously for the next crop and also vanishing the problem of pollution due to the burning of stubble. We propose a system-level solution for the same.