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Role of Dyslipidemia in Atherosclerosis

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Stroke Revisited: Dyslipidemia in Stroke

Part of the book series: Stroke Revisited ((STROREV))

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation within the artery walls. It produces the narrowing of arteries due to the development of intimal plaques. The formation of plaques involves the deposition of small cholesterol crystals in the intima and its underlying smooth muscle. The growth of plaques starts with the proliferation of fibrous tissues and the surrounding smooth muscle producing a bulge inside the arteries. It results in reduction of the blood flow to the heart leading to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are not only accompanied by increased levels of cholesterol, cholesterol metabolites, and trimethylamine N-oxide levels in the blood, but also by the involvement of the immune system, which is made up of many cell types, hundreds of bioactive cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1), and millions of different antigens. This makes the development of atherosclerosis very challenging. In addition to the development of myocardial infarctions, atherosclerosis is also associated with peripheral artery disease. This pathological condition is also accompanied by different stages of atherogenesis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. At the molecular level, these processes involve the generation of reactive oxygen species, reduction in redox status, and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These mediators can be used as biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, as well as peripheral artery disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Akhlaq A. Farooqui

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  1. Akhlaq A. Farooqui
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Correspondence to Akhlaq A. Farooqui .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Seung-Hoon Lee

  2. Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Gyeonggi, Korea (Republic of)

    Min Kyoung Kang

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Farooqui, A.A. (2021). Role of Dyslipidemia in Atherosclerosis. In: Lee, SH., Kang, M.K. (eds) Stroke Revisited: Dyslipidemia in Stroke. Stroke Revisited. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3923-4_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3923-4_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-3922-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-3923-4

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