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Engineering Challenges of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration by Cyanobacteria

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Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Cyanobacteria

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Abstract

Cyanobacterial strains (also known as blue-green microalgae) have been applied to sequester CO2 because of their high efficient bioconversion into biomass. The system is extremely complex and needs understanding and knowledge about many subsystems such as synthesis and further extraction of biomolecules—proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and high-value products. Carbon dioxide sequestration by using cyanobacteria requires special engineering specifications such as the design of photobioreactors (PBRs), cultivation techniques under different working conditions, etc. The strain tolerance to the high CO2 concentrations, which are available in waste gases (e.g., flue gas up to 20% and biogas up to 45%) is considered especially important. All other key control parameters of the system are light intensity, temperature, pH, and inoculum size. Maximization of CO2 sequestration and maximum productivity of biomass and valuable metabolites are not easy tasks. Many advanced approaches and innovative constructions of PBRs are recently designed based on computational fluid dynamics software. This very powerful tool opens new opportunities and perspectives to robustly study hydrodynamics, algal behavior, and kinetics under dynamic changes of fluid movement. On the other hand, the microalgae kinetics of cyanobacteria is fundamental for the success of the overall process. Hence, the present book chapter discusses the complex approach of modeling and analysis of the system by starting with medium optimization and going through many steps up to scaling up the process and PBRs in order to help society to reach a better and greener world.

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Acknowledgments

This work was performed under the grant КП-06-Н37/12 of the Bulgarian National Science Foundation, which the authors gratefully acknowledge. The authors are very grateful to Dr. Yana Ilieva for the professional reading and revising of the MS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgaria Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Alexander Dimitrov Kroumov

  2. Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Maya Margaritova Zaharieva & Hristo Najdenski

  3. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—UTFPR, Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia—COEBB, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil

    Fabiano Bisinella Scheufele

  4. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Vessela Balabanova

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  1. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Rajesh Prasad Rastogi

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Kroumov, A.D., Zaharieva, M.M., Scheufele, F.B., Balabanova, V., Najdenski, H. (2021). Engineering Challenges of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration by Cyanobacteria. In: Rastogi, R.P. (eds) Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Cyanobacteria. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4873-1_16

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