Abstract
Quantum dots are reviewed, with emphasis on the theory of electron correlation. A brief survey of dot fabrication and experimental results is also given. The theoretical model of a dot as a 2D system with parabolic confinement and Coulomb interaction is explained and numerical results for spin polarised dots are presented to illustrate the physics in a typical case. When a dot is placed in a magnetic field a series of transitions occurs in which the ground state angular momentum increases with field. The angular momentum values that are selected form a sequence of magic numbers that is characteristic of the electron number and total spin. The ground state transitions affect most physical properties of dots and generally cause magnetic field dependent oscillations. The sequence of magic numbers is related to the symmetry of the classical minimum energy configuration and an approximation technique, based on a harmonic expansion about the classical minimum, is shown to give a good account of dot physics in the high angular momentum limit. Future prospects for studies of coupled dots are briefly discussed.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
S. Schmitt-Rink, D.A.B. Miller and D.S. Chemla, Phys. Rev. B 35, 8113 (1987).
T. Chakraborty, Comments in Condensed Matter Physics 16 35 (1992).
M. Kastner, Physics Today, 46, 17 (1993).
K. Imamura, Y. Sugiyama, Y. Nakata, S. Muto and N. Yokoyama, Japan J. Appl. Phys, 34 L1445 (1995).
P. Pietiläinen, V. Halonen and T. Chakraborty, Physica B 212, 256 (1995).
D. Yoshioka, Physica B 184, 86 (1993).
T. Kimura, K. Kuroki and H. Aoki, Phys. Rev. B 51, 13860 (1995).
B. Meurer, D. Heitmann and K. Ploog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1371 (1992).
R.C. Ashoori, H.L. Stormer, J.S. Weiner, L.N. Pfeiffer, S.J. Pearton, K.W. Baldwin and K.W. West, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3088 (1992).
D. Heitmann and J.P. Kotthaus, Physics Today, 46, 56 (1993).
J.M. Marzin, J.M. Gérard, A. Izraël, D. Barrier and G. Bastard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 716 (1994).
C. Sikorski and U. Merkt, Phys. Rev. Lett., 62, 2164 (1989).
L. Brey, N.F. Johnson and B.I. Halperin, Phys. Rev. B 40, 10647 (1989).
P.A. Maksym and T. Chakraborty, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1140 (1990).
D. Pfannkuche and R.R. Gerhardts, Phys. Rev. B 44, 13132 (1991).
V. Gudmundsson, A. Brataas, P. Grambow, B. Meurer, T. Knurth and D. Heitmann, Phys. Rev. B 51, 17744 (1995).
A. Zrenner, Surface Science, in press.
P.L. McEuen, E.B. Foxman, U. Meirav, M.A. Kastner, Y. Meir, N.S. Wingreen, and S.J. Wind, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1926 (1991).
Bo Su and V.J. Goldman, Phys. Rev. B 46, 7644 (1992).
M. Tewordt, L. Martin-Moreno, V.J. Law, M.J. Kelly R. Newbury, M. Pepper, D.A. Ritchie, J.E.F. Frost, G.A.C. Jones Phys. Rev. B 46, 3948 (1992).
A.T. Johnson, L.P. Kouwenhoven, W. de Jong, N.C. van der Vaart, C.J.P.M. Harmans, and C.T. Foxon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1592 (1992).
J. Weis, R.J. Haug, K. v. Klitzing and K. Ploog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4022 (1993).
T. Heinzel, D.A. Wharam, J.P. Kotthaus G. Böhm, W. Klein, G. Tränkle and G. Weimann, Phys. Rev. B 50, 15113 (1994).
N.C. van der Vaart, M.P. Ruyter van Stevenick, C.J.P.M. Harmans and C.T. Foxon, Physica B 194, 1251 (1994).
L. Kouwenhoven, S. Jauhar, J. Orenstein, P.L. McEuen, Y. Nagamune, I. Motohisa and H. Sakaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3443 (1994).
R.H. Blick, R.J. Haug, K. v. Klitzing and K. Eberl, Surface Science, in press.
R.C. Ashoori, H.L. Störmer, J.S. Weiner, L.N. Pfeiffer, K.W. Baldwin and K.W. West, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 613 (1993).
P.A. Maksym, L.D. Hallam and J. Weis, Physica B 212, 213 (1995).
L.D. Hallam, J. Weis and P.A. Maksym, Phys. Rev. B, in press.
K. Lier and R.R. Gerhardts, Phys. Rev. B 48, 14416 (1993).
G.W. Bryant, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1140 (1987).
P.A. Maksym and T. Chakraborty, Phys. Rev. B 45, 1947 (1992).
M. Wagner, U. Merkt and A.V. Chaplik, Phys. Rev. B 45, 1951 (1992).
N.F. Johnson and M.C. Payne, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1513 (1993).
D. Pfannkuche and S. Ulloa, Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 1194 (1995).
P. Hawrylak and D. Pfannkuche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 485 (1993).
P. Hawrylak, Solid State Commun. 93, 915 (1994).
V. Halonen, P. Pietiläinen and T. Chakraborty, submitted to Europhys. Lett.
P. Hawrylak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3347 (1993).
S.R. Yang, A.H. MacDonald and M.D. Johnson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3194 (1993).
J.J. Palacios, L. MartÃn-Moreno, G. Chiappe, E. Louis and C. Tejedor, Phys. Rev. B 50, 5760 (1994).
D. Pfannkuche, V. Gudmundsson and P.A. Maksym, Phys. Rev. B47, 2244, (1993).
D. Pfannkuche, R.R. Gerhardts, P.A. Maksym and V. Gudmundsson, Physica B 189, 6 (1993).
M. Taut, J. Phys. A 28, 2081 (1995).
M. El Said, Semiconductor Sci. Tech. 10, 1310 (1995).
E.B. Wilson Jr, J.C. Decius and P. C. Cross, Molecular Vibrations, McGraw-Hill, New York (1955).
P.A. Maksym, Phys. Rev. B, in press.
P.A. Maksym, Physica B 184, 385 (1993).
W.Y. Ruan, Y.Y. Liu, C.G. Bao and Z.O. Zhang, Phys. Rev. B 51, 7942 (1995).
P.A. Maksym, Europhys. Lett., 31 405 (1995).
J.K. Jain and T. Kawamura, Europhys. Lett., 29, 321 (1995).
F. Bolton and U. Rössler, Superlattices and Microstructures, 13, 139 (1993).
V.M. Bedanov and F.M. Peeters, Phys. Rev. B 49, 2667 (1994).
V.A. Schweigert and F.M. Peeters, Phys. Rev. B 51, 7700 (1995).
S.M. Girvin and T. Jacah, Phys. Rev. B 28, 4506 (1984).
W. Häusler, B. Kramer and J. Mǎxsek, Z. Phys. B, 85 435 (1991).
W. Häusler and B. Kramer, Phys. Rev. B 47, 16353 (1993).
K. Jauregui, W. Häusler and B. Kramer, Europhys. Lett. 24, 581 (1993).
K. Bollweg, T. Kurth, D. Heitmann, E. Vasiliadou, P. Grambow and K. Eberl, Surface Science, in press.
T. Chakraborty, V. Halonen and P. Pietiläinen, Phys. Rev. B 43, 14289 (1991).
S.C. Benjamin and N.F. Johnson, Phys. Rev. B 51, 14733 (1995).
H. Imamura, P.A. Maksym and H. Aoki, Phys. Rev. B, in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Maksym, P.A. (1996). Quantum dots. In: Petru, Z., Przystawa, J., Rapcewicz, K. (eds) From Quantum Mechanics to Technology. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 477. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0106012
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0106012
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61792-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70724-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive