Abstract
This chapter takes a closer look at various aspects of sport fandom, such as motivations, representations and digital media, with particular emphasis on football and how the commercialisation of the football industry has affected the relationship between fans and their clubs. The end of the chapter will be devoted to West Ham United fans and sense of place and belonging, due to the club’s move to a new stadium in 2016.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andersson, Torbjörn, and Aage Radmann. 1998. Football Fans in Scandinavia, 1900–97. In Fanatics! Power, Identity and Fandom in Football, ed. Adam Brown, 141–157. London: Routledge.
Bainbridge, Jane. 2011. Time for a reality check—An interview with Karren Brady. Fresh Business Thinking, October 27. http://www.freshbusinessthinking.com/time-for-a-reality-check-an-interview-with-karren-brady/
Bale, John. 2000. The Changing Face of Football. In The Future of Football: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century, ed. Jon Garland, Dominic Malcolm, and Mike Rowe. London: F. Cass.
Baudrilliard, Jean. 1998. The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. London: Sage.
BBC. 2016. Leicester City parade: Thousands gather to celebrate Premier League title win. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-36286744
BBC Radio 5 Live. 2016. 5 Live Sport. BBC Radio 5 Live, May 2.
Berg, Kelly A., and Alison Harthcock. 2008. “Let the Domination Begin”: Sport Fans’ Construction of Identity in Online Message Boards. In Sports Mania: Essays on Fandom and the Media in the 21st Century, ed. Lawrence Hugenberg, Paul Haridakis, and Adam Earnheardt. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Boorstin, Daniel J. 1992 [1961]. The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America. New York: Vintage Books.
Bridgewater, Susan. 2010. Football Brands. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Brooking, Trevor, and Michael Hart. 2014. My Life in Football. London: Simon & Schuster.
Brown, Adam. 1998. United We Stand: Some Problems With Fan Democracy. In Fanatics! Power, Identity and Fandom in Football, ed. Adam Brown, 50–68. London: Routledge.
Calvin, Michael. 2016. Liverpool fan protest: It is time ‘customers’ fight back over ticket prices and be treated as fans again. The Independent, February 6. http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/liverpool-fan-protest-it-is-time-for-customers-to-fight-back-and-be-treated-as-fans-again-a6858106.html
Collier, Hatty. 2016. Sadiq Khan orders inquiry into Olympic Stadium as cost of converting it for West Ham soars by £51m. Evening Standard, November 1. http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/sadiq-khan-orders-inquiry-into-olympic-stadium-as-costs-soar-by-51m-a3384726.html
Conn, David. 2016. Hillsborough inquests jury rules 96 victims were unlawfully killed. The Guardian, April 26. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/apr/26/hillsborough-inquests-jury-says-96-victims-were-unlawfully-killed
Crosset, Ted, and Becky Beal. 1997. The use of “subculture” and “subworld” in ethnographic works on sport: A discussion of definitional distinctions. Sociology of Sport Journal 14(1): 73–85.
Davies, Fiona, Cleopatra Veloutsou, and Andrew Costa. 2006. Investigating the influence of a joint sponsorship of rival teams on supporter attitudes and brand preferences. Journal of Marketing Communications 12(1): 31–48.
Debord, Guy. 1995 [1967]. The Society of the Spectacle. New York: Zone Books.
Dunn, Carrie. 2014. Female Football Fans: Community, Identity and Sexism. Basingstoke: Palgrave Pivot.
Eco, Umberto. 1986. Travels in Hyperreality: Essays. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Eitzen, D. Stanley (ed). 2015. Sport in Contemporary Society : An Anthology, 10th edn. New York: Oxford University Press.
Evans, Graeme. 2001. Cultural Planning, an Urban Renaissance? London: Routledge.
Finn, Gerry P. T., and Richard Giulianotti. 1998. Scottish Fans, Not English Hooligans! Scots, Scottishness and Scottish football. In Fanatics! Power, Identity and Fandom in Football, ed. Adam Brown. London: Routledge.
Free, Marcus. 1998. “Angels” with Drunken Faces? Travelling Republic of Ireland Supporters and the Construction of Irish Migrant Identity in England. In FANATICS! Power, Identity and Fandom in Football, ed. Adam Brown. London: Routledge.
FSF. 2016. Why Does The FSF Back Safe Standing? http://www.fsf.org.uk/campaigns/safe-standing/why-does-the-fsf-back-safe-standing/#sthash.R9uawhoh.dpuf
Fuggetta, Rob. 2012. Brand Advocates: Turning Enthusiastic Customers into a Powerful Marketing Force. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Gau, Li-Shiue, and Jeffrey D. James. 2013. A ten-value-type framework associated with spectator sports: A qualitative inquiry. Sage Open April–June: 1–13. doi: 10.1177/2158244013485580
Gibson, Owen. 2016a. West Ham know Stratford makes sense but Upton Park goodbye will be hard. The Guardian, May 6. https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/may/06/west-ham-olympic-stadium-move-upton-park
———. 2016b. West ham Olympic stadium deal: LLDC ordered to publish contract details. The Guardian, 11 April. https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/apr/11/west-ham-olympic-stadium-deal-lldc-contract-details
Gibson, Sean. 2016c. Liverpool owners FSG brag about “transforming fans into customers” on website. The Telegraph, February 4. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/02/08/liverpool-owners-fsg-brag-about-transforming-fans-into-customers/
Gilmore, James H., and B. Joseph Pine II. 2007. Authenticity: What Consumers Really Want. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Grohs, Reinhardt, Heribert Reisinger, and David M. Woisetschläger. 2015. Attenuation of negative sponsorship effects in the context of rival sports teams’ fans. European Journal of Marketing 49(11/12): 1880–1901.
Hill, Vernon. 2012. Fans Not Customers: How to Create Growth Companies in a No Growth World. London: Profile.
Hills, David. 2016. Said & done. The Observer [sport supplement], April 24.
Hognestad, Hans K. 2012. Split loyalties: Football is a community business. Soccer & Society 13(3): 377–391.
Hugenberg, Lawrence, Paul Haridakis, and Adam Earnheardt (ed). 2008. Sports Mania: Essays on Fandom and the Media in the 21st Century. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Jenkins, Henry. 2007. Afterword: The Future of Fandom. In Fandom: Identities and Communities in a Mediated World, ed. Jonathan Gray, Cornel Sandvoss and C. Lee Harrington. New York: New York University Press.
Keogh, Frank. 2015. Olympic stadium: Barry Hearn wants West Ham deal made public. BBC Sport, June 23. http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33239549
Kim, Nam-Su, and Laurence Chalip. 2004. Why travel to the FIFA World Cup? Effects of motive, background, interest and constraints. Tourism Management 25(6): 695–707.
Knighton, Aarick. 2015. Generation-i: The Millennial Mindset. Syracuse, NY: Late Nights Early Mornings.
Kuper, Simon, and Stefan Szymanski. 2014. Soccernomics: Why England Loses, Why Germany and Brazil Win, and Why the U.S., Japan, Australia, Turkey and Even India Are Destined to Become the Kings of the World’s Most Popular Sport. New York: Nation Books.
Leicester Mercury. 2016. Sunderland 0–2 Leicester City VERDICT: If Foxes win title, everyone will hail people’s champions. Leicester Mercury, April 11. http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Sunderland-0-2-Leicester-City-VERDICT-hail-people/story-29085594-detail/story.html#ixzz484Bq5Zqd
Maddox, Teena. 2014. Stadiums race to digitize: How sports teams are scrambling to keep Millennials coming to games. TechRepublic, April 12. http://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-sports-teams-are-scrambling-to-keep-millennials-coming-to-games/
Marwick, Alice E. 2013. Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity and Branding in the Social Media Age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
McColl, Graham. 2006. ‘78: How a Nation Lost the World Cup. London: Headline.
McDonald, Tony. 2007. West Ham in My Day, vol 1. London: Football World.
Meire, Katrien. 2016. Club Statement: Charlton Athletic CEO Katrien Meire on the club’s relegation. Charlton Athletic, April 19. http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/club-statement-charlton-athletic-relegation-to-league-one-3068129.aspx
O’Shaughnessy, John. 2013. Consumer Behaviour: Perspectives, Findings and Explanations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Olley, James. 2016. Arsenal fan protest: Arsene Wenger urges supporters not to take part in Emirates walkout. Evening Standard, February 12. http://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/arsenal-fan-protest-arsene-wenger-urges-supporters-not-to-take-part-in-emirates-walkout-a3179001.html
Peitersen, Birger, and Bente Holm Skov. 1991. Herlige Tider: Historien om de Danske Roligans [Great Times: The History of the Danish Roligans]. Copenhagen: Komma Sport.
Reade, Brian. 1989. Hillsborough: Dead—Because they didn’t count. Liverpool Daily Post, April 17. http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/37530-hillsborough-dead-because-they-didn-t-count
Sandvoss, Cornel. 2005. Fans: The Mirror of Consumption. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Smyth, Rob, Lars Eriksen, and Mike Gibbons. 2014. Danish Dynamite: The Story of Football’s Greatest Cult Team. London: Bloomsbury.
Snelgrove, Ryan, Marijke Taks, Laurence Chalip, and B. Christine Green. 2008. How visitors and locals at a sport event differ in motives and identity. Journal of Sport and Tourism 13(3): 165–180.
Sun, The. 1989. The truth [frontpage]. The Sun, April 19.
Sun, The. 2016. The Sun says: Justice at last. The Sun, April 27. https://www.thesun.co.uk/archives/news/1149182/the-sun-says-118/
Tapp, Allan, and Jeff Clowes. 2002. From “carefree casuals” to “professional wanderers”: Segmentation possibilities for football supporters. European Journal of Marketing 36(11/12): 1248–1269.
Taylor, Lord Justice. 1989. The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, 15 April 1989, Interim Report. London: Home Office.
———. 1990. The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, 15 April 1989, Final Report. London: Home Office.
This is Anfield. 2016. Liverpool owners change “transforming fans into customers” tagline. This is Anfield, February 4. http://www.thisisanfield.com/2016/02/liverpool-owners-change-transforming-fans-into-customers-tagline/
Twenge, Jean M., and W. Keith Campbell. 2009. The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement. New York: Free Press.
Visit Britain. 2015. Inbound Football Tourism Research. Visit Britan. https://www.visitbritain.org/inbound-football-tourism-research
Walker, Paul. 2016. Robbed and it hurts like hell. KUMB, April 20. http://www.kumb.com/article.php?id=3742
Wann, Daniel. 1995. Preliminary validation of the sport fan motivation scale. Journal of Sport & Social Issues 19(4): 377–396.
Web Summit. 2015. Breaking out of the second tier—Katrien Meire, Bill Peterson & Cathal Dervan [Web Summit panel discussion, Dublin, November 2015]. YouTube, December 7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tIVCaZfF5s
Wheaton, Belinda. 2007. After sport culture: Rethinking sport and post-subcultural theory. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 31: 283–307.
WHUFC. 2016a. New Stadium: About, January 8. http://www.whufc.com/New-Stadium/About/Introduction
———. 2016b. Supporter Advisory Board meeting, January 28. http://www.whufc.com/News/Articles/2016/January/28-January/Supporter-Advisory-Board-meeting#cfwx1cXPBDHT5Akw.99
Williams, Brian. 2015. Nearly Reach the Sky: A Farewell to Upton Park. London: Biteback.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Linden, H., Linden, S. (2017). Football Fans: Representations, Motivations and Place. In: Fans and Fan Cultures. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50129-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50129-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-50127-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-50129-5
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)