Skip to main content

Fearful Symmetries: Pirandello’s Tiger and the Resistance to Metaphor

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Beyond the Human-Animal Divide

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Animals and Literature ((PSAAL))

Abstract

This chapter explores the exorbitant potential of animals to disrupt the representational frameworks into which they are placed, as exemplified by Luigi Pirandello’s 1915 novel Si gira! (Shoot!), which revolves around the on-screen killing of a tiger for a big-budget colonial adventure movie. This tiger serves as the focal point for Pirandello’s examination of the antinomies of reality and artifice, and yet the specific place and function of animality for his poetics has so far gone largely unnoticed. In this chapter, I read Pirandello’s tiger in relation to Akira Lippit’s claim that “animals resist metaphorization.” This resistance, arising from an irreducible discrepancy between the material and the semiotic—what the animal is and what the animal means—is, I argue, a central feature of zoopoetics.

Evening spreads in my spirit and I keep thinking.

that the tiger I am calling up in my poem

is a tiger made of symbols and of shadows,

a series of literary tropes ,

scraps remembered from encyclopedias ,

and not the deadly tiger, the fateful jewel

that in the sun or the deceptive moonlight

follows its paths, in Bengal or Sumatra,

of love, of indolence, of dying.

—Jorge Luis Borges, “The Other Tiger” (1999, translation modified), 117

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Works Cited

  • Agamben, Giorgio. 1998. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Translated by Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004. The Open: Man and Animal. Translated by Kevin Attell. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ames, Eric. 2008. Carl Hagenbeck’s Empire of Entertainments. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angelini, Franca. 1990. Serafino e la tigre: Pirandello tra scrittura, teatro e cinema. Venezia: Marsilio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, Walter. 1968. “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” In Illuminations: Essays and Reflections, edited by Hannah Arendt, translated by Harry Zohn, 217–251. New York: Schocken.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, John. 1991. “Why Look at Animals?” In About Looking. New York: Vintage, 3–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borges, Jorge Luis. 1999. “The Other Tiger.” In Selected Poems, edited by Alexander Coleman, translated by Alasdair Reid, 117–119. New York: Viking-Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, Jonathan. 2002. Animals in Film. London: Reaktion.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “A Matter of Owls.” Animals and Aesthetics. Universität der Künste, Berlin. 29 Oct. 2011. Conference presentation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Càllari, Francesco. 1991. Pirandello e il cinema. Venezia: Marsilio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chris, Cynthia. 2006. Watching Wildlife. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Man, Paul. 1986. The Resistance to Theory. Foreword by Wlad Godzich. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, Jacques. 1997. Of Grammatology. Translated by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Corrected ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008. The Animal That Therefore I Am. Translated by David Wills, edited by Marie-Louise Mallet. New York: Fordham University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doane, Mary Ann. 2002. The Emergence of Cinematic Time: Modernity, Contingency, the Archive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, Sigmund. 1955 [1917]. “A Difficulty in the Path of Psycho-Analysis.” In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 17: An Infantile Neurosis and Other Works. Translated and edited by James Strachey. London: Hogarth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganeri, Margherita. 2001. Pirandello romanziere. Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godzich, Wlad. 1986. “The Tiger on the Paper Mat.” Foreword to Paul de Man, The Resistance to Theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippit, Akira Mizuta. 2000. Electric Animal: Toward a Rhetoric of Wildlife. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2002. “The Death of an Animal.” Film Quarterly 56 (1): 9–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massumi, Brian. 2014. What Animals Teach Us about Politics. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moses, Gavriel. 1979. “‘Gubbio in Gabbia’: Pirandello’s Cameraman and the Entrapments of Film Vision.” MLN 94 (1): 36–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1997. Untimely Meditations. Translated by R. J. Hollingdale, edited by Daniel Breazeale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1999. “On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense.” In The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings, edited by Raymond Guess and Ronald Speirs, translated by Ronald Speirs, 139–153. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettman, Dominic. 2011. Human Error: Species Being and Media Machines. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirandello, Luigi. 1974 [1908]. On Humor. Translated by Antonio Illiano and Daniel P. Testa. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1992 [1926]. One, No One, and One Hundred Thousand. Translated by William Weaver. New York: Marsilio.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1994. “The Wheelbarrow.” In Tales of Madness, 117–124. Translated by Giovanni R. Bussino. Brookline Village: Dante University of America Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2005 [1915]. Shoot!: The Notebooks of Serafino Gubbio, Cinematograph Operator. Translated by C. K. Scott-Moncrieff, edited by Tom Gunning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007 [1904]. The Late Mattia Pascal. Trans. William Weaver. New York: NYRB Classics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piskorski, Rodolfo. 2015. “Of Zoogrammatology as a Positive Literary Theory.” Journal of Literary Theory 9 (2): 230–249.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Driscoll, K. (2017). Fearful Symmetries: Pirandello’s Tiger and the Resistance to Metaphor. In: Ohrem, D., Bartosch, R. (eds) Beyond the Human-Animal Divide. Palgrave Studies in Animals and Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-93437-9_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics