Skip to main content

In Search of Inclusive Development: Introduction

  • Chapter
Social Policy in Sub-Saharan African Context

Part of the book series: Social Policy in a Development Context ((SPDC))

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the research project on Social Policy in Late Industrializers: Sub-Saharan Africa and the Challenge of Social Policy. Eight studies were commissioned, focusing on four regional and linguistic clusters, and organized around two sets of thematic concerns. East Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa formed the regional cluster, but this was supplemented by a study of selected francophone West and Central African countries. The thematic foci of the studies are education and labour market issues on the one hand, and health, water, and sanitation issues on the other. The concern of this chapter is not so much to summarize the findings from the studies; it is more concerned with tying together some of the themes that have emerged from the studies, and reconnecting these to the conceptual issues in social policy broadly, and between social policy and development concerns, specifically. The concerns are tied up in section 1.4 of this chapter with a reflection on six essential elements or imperatives in rethinking social policy in sub-Saharan Africa. The imperatives, as is our research project, are based on three normative concerns: inclusivity, development, and democracy – where ‘public reasoning,’ as Amartya Sen (2004) puts it, is foundational to the ordering of public and civic relationships.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Adedeji, Adebayo (2002) From the Lagos Plan of Action to the New Partnership for African Development and from the Final Act of Lagos to the Constitutive Act: Wither Africa? Keynote Address prepared for the African Forum for Envisioning Africa. Nairobi, Kenya 26–9 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adesina, J. (1994) Labour in the Explanation of an African Crisis (Dakar: CODESRIA Books Series).

    Google Scholar 

  • Adesina, J. (2004) ‘NEPAD and the Challenge of Africa’s Development: Towards the Political Economy of a Discourse,’ Society in Transition–Journal of the South African Sociological Association 35 (1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Adesina, J. (2006) ‘Development and the Challenge of Poverty: NEPAD, Post-Washington Consensus and Beyond’ [2002]. In J. Adesina, Y Graham and A. Olukoshi (eds), Africa and Development Challenge of the New Millennium (London: ZED Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Adesina, J. et al. (2006) ‘Africa’s Development Challenges in the New Millennium: an Introduction’. In Jimi Adesina, Yao Graham and Adebayo Olukoshi (eds), Africa’s Development Challenges in the New Millennium: the NEPAD Debate (London: ZED Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Aiyar, S.A. (2001) Sourcebook for Community Driven Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. July (Washington, DC: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ake, Claude (1999) The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa (Dakar: Codesria Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Awolowo, Obafemi (1960) Awo: The Autobiography of Chief Obafemi Awolowo (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bategeka, L. (2005) ‘Universal Primary Education (UPE) in Uganda’. Paper presented at the Inter-Regional Inequality Facility Workshop, Addis Ababa, 11–12 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhagwati, J.N. (1988) ‘Poverty and Public Policy’, World Development, 16 (5), 539–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P. (1998) Uneven Zimbabwe: A Study of Finance, Development and Underdevelopment (Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P. (2000/2004) Elite Transition: From Apartheid to Neoliberalism in South Africa (London: Pluto Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P. (2003) Against Global Apartheid: South Africa Meets the World Bank, IMF, and International Finance (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Ha-joon (2003) Globalisation, Economic Development and the Role of the State (London: Zed Books/New York: Third World Network).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Ha-joon (2005) ‘Policy Space in Historical Perspective: with special reference to Trade and Industrial Policies’. Paper presented at the Queen Elizabeth House 50th Anniversary Conference, ‘The Development Threats and Promises’, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford, 4–5 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheru, Fantu (2001) The Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative: A Human Rights Assessment of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP). Independent Expert Report to the 57th Session of UN Commission on Human Rights. E/CN.4/2001/56 (Geneva: UNCHR).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, J. (2004) ‘“Dissolving the Public Realm”: The Logics and Limits of Neo-Liberalism’, Journal of Social Policy, 33 (1), 27–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornia, G.A. (1987a) ‘Adjustment Policies 1980–1985: Effects on Child Welfare’, in G.A. Cornia et al. (eds) Adjustment with a Human Face Vol. 1: Protecting the Vulnerable and Promoting Growth (Oxford: Clarendon Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornia, G.A. (1987b) ‘Social Policy-making: Restructuring, Targeting Efficiency’, in G.A. Cornia et al. (eds), Adjustment with a Human Face Vol. 1: Protecting the Vulnerable and Promoting Growth (Oxford: Clarendon Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornia, G.A., R. Jolly and F. Stewart (eds) (1987) Adjustment with a Human Face Vol. 1: Protecting the Vulnerable and Promoting Growth (Oxford: Clarendon Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Court, D. (2000) ‘Financing Higher Education in Africa: Makerere, the Quiet Revolution in Education’, Perspectives in Education, 19 (3).

    Google Scholar 

  • De Witte, L (2001), The Assassination of Lumumba (London/New York: Verso).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elson, D. and N. Catagay (2000) ‘The Social Content of Macroeconomic Policies’, World Development, 28 (7), 1347–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Cambridge: Polity Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Esping-Andersen, G. (2001) ‘Social Welfare Policy: Comparisons’, In N.J. Smelser and P.B. Baltes (eds), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (Amsterdam: Elsevier).

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, P. (1995) Embedded Autonomy: States & Industrial Transformation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gal, J. (2004) ‘Decommodification and Beyond: A Comparative Analysis of Work-injury Programmes’, Journal of European Social Policy 14 (1), 55–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghai, D. (1987) ‘Successes and Failures in Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: 1960–1982’. In Louis Emmerij (ed.), Development Policies and the Crisis of the 1980s (Paris: OECD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghana, Government of (2005) National Health Insurance Scheme, Government of Ghana: www.ghana.gov.gh (Accessed 25 November 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gumede, W.M. (2005) Thabo Mbeki and the Battle for the Soul of the ANC (Cape Town: Zebra Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, A. and J. Midgley (2004) Social Policy for Development (London: Sage Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heemskerk, M., A. Norton and L. Dehn (2004) ‘Does Public Welfare Crowd Out Informal Safety Nets? Ethnographic Evidence from Rural Latin America’, World Development, 32 (6), 941–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hope, K.R. and W.A Edge (1996) ‘Growth with Uneven Development: Urban–Rural Socio-economic Disparities in Botswana’, Geoforum 27 (1), 53–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchful, E. (2002) Ghana’s Adjustment Experience: The Paradox Of Reform (Oxford: James Currey).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutton, G. (2004) Charting the Path to the World Bank’s ‘No Blanket Policy on User Fees’, May (London: DFID Health Systems Resource Centre).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, K., J. Brown and J. Bradshaw (1983) Issues in Social Policy (Revised edition) (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadhani, X.M. (1986) ‘The Economy: Issues, Problems and Prospects’. In I. Mandaza (ed.), Zimbabwe: the Political Economy of Transition 1980–1986 (Dakar: CODESRIA Book Series).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanga, Ollis (1992) ‘The Politics of Universalism: The Case of Finnish Sickness Insurance’, Journal of Social Policy, 21 (1); 25–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kangas, Ollie and Joakim Palme (2000) ‘Does Social Policy Matter? Poverty Cycles in OECD countries’, International Journal of Health Services, 30 (2), 335–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kautto, M., J. Fritzell, B. Hvinden, J. Kvist and H. Uusitalo (eds) (2001) Nordic Welfare States in the European Context (London: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ki-Zerbo, J. (2005) ‘African Intellectuals, Nationalism and Pan-Africanism: A Testimony’. In T. Mkandawire (ed.), African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Korpi, W. and J. Palme (1998) ‘The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries’, American Sociological Review, 63 (5), 661–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhnle, S. and S.E. Hort (2004) The Developmental Welfare State in Scandinavia: Lessons for the Developing World. Social Policy and Development Programme Paper Number 17. Geneva: UNRISD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavelette, M. and A. Pratt (eds) (2001) Social Policy: A Conceptual and Theoretical Introduction (London: Sage Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, S. (2005) Race Against Time–2005 Massey Lecture. November 2005. House of Anansi Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor, S. (2005) ‘The Welfare State and Neoliberalism’. In A. Saad-Filho and D. Johnston (eds), Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader (London: Pluto Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamdani, M. (2002) ‘Public Intellectuals and Nation-Building’.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynote Address, 2002 Annual Congress of the South African Sociological Association. Regents Hotel, East London, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazrui, Ali (2002) ‘Julius Nyerere: the Man, the Monument and the Mwalimu’. Keynote Address, Commemorative Meeting Marking the 80th Birthday of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere. Monday 15 April 2002, United Nations, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mhone, G.C.Z. (1995) The Impact of Structural Adjustment on the Urban Informal Sector in Zimbabwe (Geneva: International Labour Office).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mhone, G. and P. Bond (2001) ‘Botswana and Zimbabwe: Relative Success and Comparative Failure’, Discussion Paper No. 2001/38 (Helsinki: WIDER).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (1999) ‘Tribute’. Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere Memorial Meeting, Wednesday 17 November 1999, Palais des Nations, Geneva. (http://www.southcentre.org/mwalimu/tributes. Accessed 27 November 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (2001a) Social Policy in a Development Context. Social Policy and Development Paper No. 7. Geneva: UNRISD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (2001b) ‘Thinking About Developmental States in Africa’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25, 289–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (2002a) ‘The Terrible Toll of Post-colonial “Rebel Movements” in Africa: Towards an Explanation of the Violence Against the Peasantry’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 40 (2), 181–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (2002b) ‘Globalisation, Equity and Social Development’, African Sociological Review 6 (1), 115–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (2002c) ‘Disempowered Democracy and the Persistence of Poverty’. Paper presented at the 10th General Assembly of CODESRIA, Kampala, Uganda (December).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (2004) ‘The Spread of Economic Doctrines in Postcolonial Africa’ (mimeo) (Geneva: UNRISD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (2005a) ‘African Intellectuals and Nationalism’. in T. Mkandawire (ed.), African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development. (London: Zed Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mkandawire, T. (2005b) ‘Targeting and Universalism in Poverty Reduction’ (mimeo) (Geneva: UNRISD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Musisi, N.B. and K.M. Nansozi (2001) Makerere University in Transition, 1993–2000: Opportunities and Challenges. The Partnership for Higher Education in Africa (www.foundation-partnership.org/case_studies/makerere.php).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkrumah, K. (1961) I Speak of Freedom (New York: Praeger).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nkrumah, K. (1964) Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for de-colonization (New York: Modern Reader Paperbacks).

    Google Scholar 

  • Obong, Q.O. (2004) ‘Academic Dilemmas Under Neo-Liberal Education Reforms: A Review of Makerere University, Uganda’. in Zeleza and Olukoshi (2004a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohiorhenuan, J.F.E. (2000) ‘The Past and Future of Development’ (mimeo) (New York: UNDP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohiorhenuan, J.F.E. (2002a) The Management of African Development: Some Questions about NEPAD. Public Lecture delivered at the Rhodes East London ‘Public Policy Dialogue Series’. Thursday 18 April, East London, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohiorhenuan, J.F.E. (2002b) ‘The Poverty of Development: Prolegomenon to a Critique of Development Policy in Africa’. Annals of the Social Science Academy of Nigeria, 14 & 15, 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okuonzi, S.A. (2004) ‘Dying for Economic Growth? Evidence of a Flawed Economic Policy in Uganda’, Lancet, 364, 1632–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, M. (2004) Issues Paper: The Case for Abolition of User Fees for Primary Health Services. September (London: DFID Health Systems Resource Centre).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saad-Filho, A. and D. Johnston (eds) (2005) Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader (London: Pluto Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahley, C., B. Groelsema, T. Marchione and D. Nelson (2005) The Governance Dimensions of Food Security in Malawi (Washington, DC: USAID).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samson, M., K. MacQueen and I. van Niekerk (2005) ‘Social Security in South Africa’. Paper presented at the Inter-Regional Inequality Facility Workshop, Addis Ababa, 11–12 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, Amartya (1999) Development as Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, Amartya (2004) ‘Graduation Address’, Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 30 July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. (2003) Building on the User-Fee Experience: The African case. Discussion Paper Number 3. (Geneva: World Health Organization).

    Google Scholar 

  • Titmuss, R. (1968) Commitment to Welfare (London: Allen & Unwin).

    Google Scholar 

  • UN Millennium Project (2005) Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals (The Sachs Report) (London: Earthscan).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNCTAD (2001) Economic Development in Africa: Performance, Prospects and Policy Issues (Geneva: United Nations).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNCTAD (2002) Economic Development in Africa: From Adjustment to Poverty Reduction: What is New? (UNCTAD/GDS/AFRICA/2) (Geneva: UN).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP (1996) Human Development Report 1996: Economic Growth and Human Development (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP (2002) Human Development Report 2002: Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP (2003) South African Human Development Report 2003: The Challenge of Sustainable Development in South Africa, Unlocking People’s Creativity (Cape Town: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP (2004) Human Development Report 2004: Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNRISD (2001) ‘Social Development in a Development Context: UNRISD Project Proposal’ (6 June), Geneva (mimeo).

    Google Scholar 

  • UNRISD (2005) Gender Equality: Striving for Justice in an Unequal World (Geneva: UNRISD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandemoortele, J. (2000) ‘Absorbing Social Shocks, Protecting Children and Reducing Poverty’. UNICEF Staff Working Papers (Evaluation, Policy and Planning Series Number EPP-00–001) (New York: UNICEF).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisbrot, M., D. Baker R. Naiman and G. Neta (2001) Growth may be Good for the Poor–but are IMF and World Bank Policies Good for Growth?: A Closer Look at the World Bank’s Most Recent Defense of its Policies (Washington DC: Center for Economic Policy Research).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisbrot, M., D. Baker and D. Rosnick (2005) The Scorecard on Development: 25 Years of Diminished Progress (September) (Washington, DC: Centre for Economic and Policy Research)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfensohn, J.D. (1999) ‘A Proposal for a Comprehensive Development Framework: A Discussion Draft’. (Memorandum to the Board, Management, and Staff of the World Bank Group), January 21. (Mimeo) (Washington, DC: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2001a) World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2001b) Global Development Finance: Building Coalition for Effective Development Finance (Washington DC: The World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2001c) African Development Indicators 2001 (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2002a) African Development Indicators 2002 (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2002b) Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) Approach: Main Findings. http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2005) African Development Indicators Database 2005 (CD) (Washington DC: World Bank).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2005) World Health Report 2005: Making every Mother and Child Count (Geneva: World Health Organisation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yesufu, T.M. (ed.) (1969) Manpower Problems and Economic Development in Nigeria (Ibadan: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

Background reports

  • Atieno, Rosemary (2003) The Role of Social Policy in Development: An Analysis of Health, Water and Sanitation in East Africa (Processed). University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond, Patrick (2005) Social Policy and the Structure of Accumulation in Southern Africa: Implications for Water and Health Policies (Processed), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chachage, C.S.L. (2004) Social Policy and Development in East Africa: the Case of Education and Labour Markets (Processed). University of Dar-es-Salam. Tanzania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garba, Abdul-Ganiyu (2003) The state, The Market and Social Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Processed). Ahamadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, Fred (2004) Social Policy in Southern Africa: Vehicle for Development or Impediment to Growth (Processed). Rhodes University, Grahamstown. South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obono, Oka (2004) Social Policy in the Development Context: Water, Health and Sanitation Policies in Ghana and Nigeria (Processed). University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Udegbe, Bola (2004) Social Processes and Outcomes in Nigeria and Ghana: The Challenge of Development for Education and Labour Market Contexts. (Processed). University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2007 UNRISD

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Adésínà, ’.O. (2007). In Search of Inclusive Development: Introduction. In: Adésínà, ’.O. (eds) Social Policy in Sub-Saharan African Context. Social Policy in a Development Context. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230590984_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics