Skip to main content

“Feeding the Dead”

Women “Doing” Religion and Kinship in Traditional Russian Orthodox Karelia

  • Chapter
Finnish Women Making Religion

Abstract

In traditional Karelian thinking, death did not imply nonexistence but merely a transition of the deceased from the community of the living to the community of the ancestors.1 The living and the dead members of a family formed an organic unit,2 and the relationship between them was characterized by mutual dependence. This implied that the well-being of the living and the success of their enterprises were believed to be dependent on the benevolence of the ancestors, and conversely, the well-being of the deceased lay in the hands of the living.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Lauri Honko, “De finsk-ugriske folks religion,” in Illustreret Religionshistorie (part I), ed. J. P. Asmussen and J. S. Laessøe (Copenhagen: Gad, 1968), 154.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cf. Jill Dubisch, “Greek Women: Sacred or Profane?” Journal of Modern Greek Studies 1 (1983): 190, 194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Micaela di Leonardo, “The Female World of Cards and Holidays: Women, Families, and the Work of Kinship,” Signs 12 (1987): 442–43.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Janet Carsten, “Introduction: Cultures of Relatedness,” in Cultures of Relatedness: New Approaches to the Study of Kinship, ed. Janet Carsten (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 17–18.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Laura Stark, Peasants, Pilgrims, and Sacred Promises. Ritual and the Supernatural in Orthodox Karelian Folk Religion (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2002), 177–82. Marja-Liisa Keinänen, Creating Bodies: Childbirth Practices in Pre-Modern Karelia (Stockholm: Department of History of Religions, 2003), 246. Marja-Liisa Keinänen, “The Home, the Sacred Order and Domestic Chores in Premodern Russian Orthodox Karelia,” in Perspectives on Women’s Everyday Religion, ed. Marja-Liisa Keinänen (Stockholm: Stockholm University, 2010), 127–28. See the verb seäntyö in Raija Koponen, ed., Karjalan kielen sanakirja, vol. 5 (Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1997), 354.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Edward LiPuma, “Modernity and Forms of Personhood in Melanesia,” in Bodies and Persons. Comparative Perspectives from Africa and Melanesia, ed. Michael Lambek and Andrew Strathern (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 67.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Nurit Bird-David, “‘Animism’ Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology,” Current Anthropology 40 (1999): 573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Janet Carsten, “The Substance of Kinship and the Heat of the Hearth,” American Ethnologist 22 (1995): 224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Poul Poder, “The Sociology of Emotions: Managing, Exchanging and Generating Emotions in Everyday Life,” in Encountering the Everyday: An Introduction to the Sociologies of the Unnoticed, ed. Michael Hviid Jacobsen (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 345–47.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Poder, “The Sociology of Emotions,” 343; Candace Clark, Misery and Company: Sympathy in Everyday Life (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1997), 133–34.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Irma-Riitta Järvinen, “Wives, Husbands and Dreams,” in Gender and Folklore: Perspectives on Finnish and Karelian culture, ed. Satu Apo, Aili Nenola, and Laura Stark-Arola (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 1998), 309–12.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Pertti Virtaranta, Vienan kansa muistelee (Porvoo: WSOY, 1958), 761.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Terhi Utriainen, “Feminine and Masculine in the Study of Balto-Finnic Laments,” in Gender and Folklore: Perspectives on Finnish and Karelian Culture, ed. Satu Apo, Aili Nenola, and Laura Stark-Arola (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 1998), 193.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Matti Kuusi and Lauri Honko, Sejd och saga: Den finska forndiktens historia (Stockholm: Rabén and Sjögren, 1983), 69.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Aili Nenola-Kallio, Studies in Ingrian Laments (Helsinki: Academia Scien- tiarum Fennica, 1982), 52–55.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Aleksandra Stepanova, Karjalaisen itkuvirsikielen sanakirja (Helsinki: Suo- malaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2012), 29–32.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Aleksandra Stepanova and Terttu Arvovna Koski, Karel’skičpricitanija (Petrozavodsk: Karelija, 1976), 331.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Barbara Myerhoff, “Life History among the Elderly,” in A Crack in the Mirror: Reflexive Perspectives in Anthropology, ed. Jay Ruby (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982), 111.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Helmi Virtaranta and Pertti Virtaranta, Ahavatuulien armoilla: Itkuvirsiä Aunuksesta (Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1999), 92–93. Brackets and translation mine.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Laura Jetsu, Kahden maailman välillä: Etnografinen tutkimus venäjänkar- jalaisista hautausrituaaleista 1990-luvulla (Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2001), 197–99; Marja-Liisa Keinänen, “Religious Ritual Contested: Anti-Religious Activities and Women’s Ritual Practice in Rural Soviet Karelia,” in Ritualistics, ed. Tore Ahlbäck (Åbo: Donner Institute for Research in Religious and Cultural History, 2003), 106–8.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Laura Stark et al., “Constructing the Moral Community: Women’s Use of Dream Narratives in a Russian-Orthodox Karelian Village,” in The Literature of Nationalism: Essays on East European Identity, ed. Robert B. Pynsent (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1996), 263.

    Google Scholar 

  22. U. Konkka, “Semejnye obrjady,” in Duhovnaja kul’tura segozerskih karel konca XIX-načala XX v., ed. U. Konkka and A. Konkka (Leningrad: Nauka, 1980), 78.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Unelma Konkka, Ikuinen ikävä: Karjalaiset riitti-itkut (Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1985), 33; Aleksandra Stepanova, “Itkuvirsien keruutyöstä Karjalassa,” in Näkökulmia karjalaiseen perinteeseen, ed. Pekka Hakamies (Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1996), 225.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Aleksandra Stepanova, “Karjalainen kansanperinne ja itkuvirret,” in Koltat, karjalaiset ja setukaiset: Pienet kansat maailmojen rajoilla, ed. Tuija Saarinen and Seppo Suhonen (Kuopio: Snellman-instituutti, 1995), 141.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Nina Lavonen, Stol v verovanijah karelov (Petrozavodsk: Izdatel’stvo Periodika, 2000), 89.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Siina Taulamo, Vie sinne mun kaihoni: Aunuksen Karjalassa 1941–1944 (Helsinki: Kirjayhtymä, 1985), 95.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Heikki T. Lehmusto, “Muistajaiset,” Virittäjä (1937): 419. Nina Lavonen, “Havaintoja hautajaisrituaalista Aunuksen Karjalassa,” in Näkökulmia karjalaiseen perinteeseen, ed. Pekka Hakamies (Helsinki: Suoma- laisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1996), 239–40, 245; Järvinen, Karjalan pyhät kertomukset, 195–96.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Catherine Bell, Ritual: Perspectives and Dimension (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 123.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Terhi Utriainen Päivi Salmesvuori

Copyright information

© 2014 Terhi Utriainen and Päivi Salmesvuori

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Keinänen, ML. (2014). “Feeding the Dead”. In: Utriainen, T., Salmesvuori, P. (eds) Finnish Women Making Religion. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137383471_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics