Abstract
This is the work of Sustainable Diplomacy: to identify the potential origin and elementary vocabulary of a common language between two peoples who have been for too long separated by distrust, human language, differing religious interpretations, and an anthropocentric history. Sustainable Diplomacy must then turn to the task of using this new language in actual negotiations and other forms of community building.
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Notes
M. E. Combs-Schilling, Sacred Performances: Islam, Sexuality and Sacrifice (New York: Columbia University Press, 1989), 223. Combs-Schilling reminds her readers repeatedly that Hassan II as the King of Morocco tied his own life to that of the Prophet’s by the ritual use of key Muslim traditions in which he placed himself at the center: the Id al-Kabir and the Prophet’s birthday are two such examples.
All Qur’anic citations are taken from Ali Ahmed, Al-Qur’an: A Contemporary Translation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988).
For more on the Qur’anic interpretation of Adam as God’s reflection, see Ibn Al’Arabi, The Bezels of Wisdom (Mahwah, NJ: The Paulist Press, 1980), 50.
The statistics cited are drawn from an amalgamation of three principal sources: the database of the World Resource Institute, entitled World Resources 2000–2001: People and Ecosystems, the Fraying Web of Life (Washington DC: United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environment Programme, World Bank, World Resources Institute, 2001); The World Wildlife Fund and their calculations of the Ecological Footprint by M. Wackernagel, A. Callejas, and D. Deumling for Redefining Progress, found at wwwpanda.org/livingplanet/lpr00/downloads/lpr_2000_eco_crop_graze.pdf+ecological+footprint&hl=en; and statistics provided by members of the Redefining Progress team and their website at www.rprogress.org/programs/sustainability/ef/,2/20,02. All final calculations for the ecological footprints presented in this text were compiled and calculated by Nova Gutierrez and the author. Readers should know that the majority of statistics presented in 2001 source texts represent 1996 statistics, the last year in which substantive statistics cutting across the board have been definitively compiled as of this writing.
Country: Spain Land area: 49,944,000 ha Population: 39,627,600 Methods of calculations and conversions were provided by Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees, in their book Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 1996). Those calculations and conversions not found in the Wackernagel and Rees text were provided by the organizations The World Wildlife Fund and Redefining Progress, 2/21/02.
Richard Gillespie, Spain and the Medditerranean: Developing a European Policy Towards the South (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000), 66.
The anthropologist Dale F. Eikelman provides an important explanation as to the difference between “God’s will” in this circumstance and the long-popular false French colonial inclination to equate a belief in “God’s will” with a belief in fate. States Eikelman: “God’s will legitimates the present—and ephemeral—distribution of social honor as the God-given state of affairs. The ranking of individuals in relation to one another is never taken for granted but is constantly empirically tested. Provisionality is the very essence of the cosmos. Consequently, attention is focused upon assessing exact differentials of wealth, success, power, and social honor among particular men as a prelude to effective, specific action, not upon speculation over the general order of the world. God reveals his will through what happens in the world, and [people] of reason constantly modify their own courses of action to accommodate this will.” See Dale F. Eikelman, Moroccan Islam: Tradition and Society in a Pilgrimage Center (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1976), 126.
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© 2004 David J. Wellman
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Wellman, D.J. (2004). The Conflict Over Land: The First Human, Land Use and the Two Cities. In: Sustainable Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980977_4
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