Abstract
Molecular pathology is a relatively new division of laboratory medicine that detects, characterizes, and/or quantifies nucleic acids to assist in the diagnosis of human disease. Molecular assays augment classical areas of laboratory medicine by pro– viding additional diagnostic data either in a more expeditious manner or by providing results that would not be obtainable using standard methodologies. For these reasons, molecular pathology is the most rapidly growing area in laboratory medi– cine. Molecular pathology can be categorized into five subdivi– sions that specialize in the diagnosis of diseases or conditions associated with (1) hematology/oncology, (2) solid tumors, (3) genetics, (4) pharmacogenetics, and (5) infectious diseases. Based on test volume, detection, and characterization of infec– tious diseases is currently the dominant subdivision of molecu– lar pathology and is projected to continue to dominate the other areas of molecular pathology for the next several years. Molecular methods used for detecting infectious agents have several advantages when compared to classical microbiology approaches. Molecular methods are highly sensitive and, there– fore, can detect minute amounts of infectious agents. Because these methods generally do not require growth in culture media, various bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which are difficult or impossible to culture, can be readily identified (1–8). In addition, the sensitivity of these methods can allow the analysis of nonviable infectious agents (i.e., permitting the analysis of archived formalin-fixed tissue). The viral load and genotype of certain infectious agents that can facilitate treatment protocols can also be determined. These advantages are some of the rea– sons why infectious diseases are dominating the area of Clinical Molecular Pathology. As a result, these new molecular method– ologies have placed the highest priority on the ability to equally detect and quantify genetic variants of various infectious agents.
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Payne, D.A., Sower, L.E. (2006). Alternative Methods for Amplified Nucleic Acid Testing. In: Coleman, W.B., Tsongalis, G.J. (eds) Molecular Diagnostics. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-928-1:075
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-928-1:075
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