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An Integrative Model for Endophenotypes Relevant to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Detailed Methodology for Inescapable Tail Shock Stress (IS) and Juvenile Social Exploration (JSE)

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Translational Methods for PTSD Research

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 198))

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Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- and stressor-related disorder that is a source of significant societal and economic costs. Although it is not possible to fully model human psychiatric disorders using animal models, physiological responses to trauma and stressors, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses, autonomic nervous system responses, and immune responses, are highly conserved across mammalian species. Each of these physiological response systems, in turn, has been implicated in determining risk of development of PTSD symptoms, or contributing to PTSD severity, in humans, suggesting that understanding mechanisms underlying these responses may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of PTSD. Furthermore, individual variability in physiological responses to trauma and stressors is thought to be an important determinant of stress vulnerability or stress resilience; therefore, understanding mechanisms underlying individual variability in physiological responses to trauma or stressor exposure has promise to increase our understanding of mechanisms underlying vulnerability to development of PTSD and persistence of PTSD symptoms. Here we describe a model of inescapable stress exposure in rats that has contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying stress vulnerability and stress resilience. Given that PTSD is more common in females than males, we also highlight the need for increased focus on inclusion of both males in females in future studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    Nathan D. Andersen, John D. Sterrett, Cristian A. Zambrano & Christopher A. Lowry

  2. Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    Nathan D. Andersen, Gabriel W. Costanza-Chavez, Cristian A. Zambrano, Michael V. Baratta, Matthew G. Frank & Steven F. Maier

  3. BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    John D. Sterrett

  4. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    Gabriel W. Costanza-Chavez, Michael V. Baratta, Matthew G. Frank, Steven F. Maier & Christopher A. Lowry

  5. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

    Christopher A. Lowry

  6. Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA

    Christopher A. Lowry

  7. Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA

    Christopher A. Lowry

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  1. Nathan D. Andersen
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  2. John D. Sterrett
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  3. Gabriel W. Costanza-Chavez
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  4. Cristian A. Zambrano
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  5. Michael V. Baratta
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  6. Matthew G. Frank
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  7. Steven F. Maier
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  8. Christopher A. Lowry
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher A. Lowry .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatric Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Graziano Pinna

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Andersen, N.D. et al. (2023). An Integrative Model for Endophenotypes Relevant to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Detailed Methodology for Inescapable Tail Shock Stress (IS) and Juvenile Social Exploration (JSE). In: Pinna, G. (eds) Translational Methods for PTSD Research. Neuromethods, vol 198. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_7

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3218-5

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