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A Brief Review of West Nile Virus Biology

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West Nile Virus

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1435))

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus with increased global incidence in the last decade. It is also a major cause of human encephalitis in the USA. WNV is an arthropod-transmitted virus that mainly affects birds but humans become infected as incidental dead-end hosts which can cause outbreaks in naïve populations. The main vectors of WNV are mosquitoes of the genus Culex, which preferentially feed on birds. As in many other arboviruses, the characteristics that allow Flaviviruses like WNV to replicate and transmit to different hosts are encrypted in their genome, which also contains information for the production of structural and nonstructural proteins needed for host cell infection. WNV and other Flaviviruses have developed different strategies to establish infection, replication, and successful transmission. Most of these strategies include the diversion of the host’s immune responses away from the virus. In this review, we describe the molecular structure and protein function of WNV with emphasis on protein involvement in the modulation of antiviral immune responses.

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  1. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Bldg 2, Room B4, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA

    Berlin Londono-Renteria & Tonya M. Colpitts

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  1. Dept. of Path., MicroBio., and Immun., Univ. of South Carolina School of Med., Columbia, South Carolina, USA

    Tonya M. Colpitts

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Londono-Renteria, B., Colpitts, T.M. (2016). A Brief Review of West Nile Virus Biology. In: Colpitts, T. (eds) West Nile Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1435. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3670-0_1

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