11.1 11.1 Iran - Caspian Sea Coast
Compiled by: Geostudies, as an edited version of a chapter by E. Ehlers in The World’s Coastline (1985: 487–490). A new version is in preparation.
Last revised: June 2002
11.1.1 Introduction
The Caspian coast of Iran is about 740 km long, stretching like a horseshoe around the southern side of the Caspian Sea. The land descends from the lower slopes of the Elburz Mountains to the Caspian Sea, now about 26 m below global mean sea level. The surface of the Caspian Sea has shown long-term oscillations, and fell about 3 m between 1930 and 1977, since when it has risen about 2.5 m, providing an important example of a modern marine transgression (1).
© Geostudies. Changes in the level of the Caspian Sea from 1930, as indicated on the Baku tide gauge (Azerbaijan). Sea level fell intermittently until 1977, then rose fairly rapidly, probably because of a trend towards a more humid climate and increased river runoff in the region, but possibly related to...
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References
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Leontiev, O. K., Maiev, E. G. and Rychagov, G. I. 1977 Geomorphology of Coasts and Floor of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Moscow University Press, Moscow.
Rychagov, G. I. 1997 Pleistocene History of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Moscow University Press, Moscow.
Rychagov, G. I. 2002 The Caspian Sea: past, present and future. (in Russian). Zhyvopisnaya Rossia, 3: 39–42.
Rychagov, G. I., Mikhailov, V. N. and Povalishnikova, E. S. 1999 Are not ecological and economic losses inevitable under conditions of the Caspian level non-stabilization? (in Russian). Vestnik MGU, Geographical Series, 5: 47–54.
Selivanov, A. O. 1997 Coastal modifications of the Caspian Sea and other Central Asian lakes as natural models for coastal responses to the global sea-level rise. Bollettino di Geofisica, 37 (1): 114–129.
United Nations Environmental Programme 1997 Consequences of Climate Changes in the Caspian Sea in the Caspian Sea Region: Regional Review Document. UNEP, Geneva.
Svitovch, A. A. and Yanina, T. A. 1997 Quaternary Sediments of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Lomonosov Moscow State University Publication, Moscow.
Svitoch, A. A., Selivanov, A. O. and Yanina, T. A. 1998 Palaeogeographic Events in the Ponto-Caspian and Mediterranean Basins. (in Russian). Lomonosov Moscow State University Publication, Moscow.
References
Bush V. A., Novik A. I., Zapin L. M. et al. 1999 Dynamics of the Caspian Shoreline. (in Russian). History, Modern Problems and Forecast. State Center Natura, Moscow.
Fedorov, P. V. 1978 Pleistocene in the Caspian region. (in Russian). Nauka, Moscow.
Ignatov, Y. I., Kaplin, P. A., Lukyanova, S. A. and Solovieva, G. D. 1993 Evolution of the Caspian Sea coasts under conditions of sea-level rise: model for coastal change under increasing “Greenhouse Effect”. Journal of Coastal Research, 9 (1): 50–57.
Kaplin P. A. and Selivanov A. O. 1995 Recent coastal evolution of the Caspian Sea as a natural model for coastal responses to the possible accelerated global sea-level rise. Marine Geology, 124 (1/4): 161–175.
Kaplin P. A. and Selivanov A. O. 1999 Sea-Level Changes in Russia and Coastal Evolution: Past, Present and Future. (in Russian). GEOS, Moscow.
Kosarev, A. N. 1975 Hydrology of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Moscow University.
Leontiev O. K. 1985 Caspian USSR. In: E. C. F. Bird and M. L. Schwartz (eds.) The World’s Coastline. Van Nostrand Reinhold: N.Y. 481–486.
Leontiev, O. K., Maiev, E. G. and Rychagov, G. I. 1977 Geomorphology of Coasts and Floor of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Moscow University Press, Moscow.
Rychagov, G. I. 1997 Pleistocene History of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Moscow University Press, Moscow.
Rychagov, G. I. 2002 The Caspian Sea: past, present and future. (in Russian). Zhyvopisnaya Rossia, 3: 39–42.
Rychagov, G. I., Mikhailov, V. N. and Povalishnikova, E. S. 1999 Are not ecological and economic losses inevitable under conditions of the Caspian level non-stabilization? (in Russian). Vestnik MGU, Geographical Series, 5: 47–54.
Selivanov, A. O. 1997 Coastal modifications of the Caspian Sea and other Central Asian lakes as natural models for coastal responses to the global sea-level rise. Bollettino di Geofisica, 37 (1): 114–129.
United Nations Environmental Programme 1997 Consequences of Climate Changes in the Caspian Sea in the Caspian Sea Region: Regional Review Document. UNEP, Geneva.
Svitovch, A. A. and Yanina, T. A. 1997 Quaternary Sediments of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Lomonosov Moscow State University Publication, Moscow.
Svitoch, A. A., Selivanov, A. O. and Yanina, T. A. 1998 Palaeogeographic Events in the Ponto-Caspian and Mediterranean Basins. (in Russian). Lomonosov Moscow State University Publication, Moscow.
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References
Bush, V. A., Novik, A. I., Zapin, L. M. et al. 1999 Dynamics of the Caspian Shoreline. (in Russian). History, Modern Problems and Forecast. State Center Natura, Moscow.
Fedorov, P. V. 1978 Pleistocene in the Caspian region. (in Russian). Nauka, Moscow.
Ignatov, Y. I., Kaplin, P. A., Lukyanova, S. A. and Solovieva, G. D. 1993 Evolution of the Caspian Sea coasts under conditions of sea-level rise: model for coastal change under increasing “Greenhouse Effect”. Journal of Coastal Research, 9 (1): 50–57.
Kaplin, P. A. and Selivanov, A. O. 1995 Recent coastal evolution of the Caspian Sea as a natural model for coastal responses to the possible accelerated global sea-level rise. Marine Geology, 124 (1/4): 161–175.
Kaplin, P. A. and Selivanov, A. O. 1999 Sea-Level Changes in Russia and Coastal Evolution: Past, Present and Future. (in Russian). GEOS, Moscow.
Kosarev, A. N. 1975 Hydrology of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Moscow University.
Leontiev, O. K. 1985 Caspian USSR. In: E. C. F. Bird and M. L. Schwartz (eds.) The World’s Coastline. Van Nostrand Reinhold: N.Y.: 481–486.
Leontiev, O. K. and Khalilov, A. I. 1965 Environments of the Caspian Sea Coast Evolution. Publishing House of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku.
Leontiev, O. K., Maiev, E. G. and Rychagov, G. I. 1977 Geomorphology of Coasts and Floor of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Moscow University Press, Moscow.
Leontiev, O. K. and Veliev K.. 1990 Western coasts of the Caspian Sea. A Guide-book for field excursions of the International Symposium Transgressive coasts: Studies and Economical Development, September 1990.
Rychagov, G. I. 1997 Pleistocene History of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Moscow University Press, Moscow.
Rychagov, G. I. 2002 The Caspian Sea: past, present and future. (in Russian). Zhyvopisnaya Rossia, 3: 39–42.
Rychagov, G. I., Mikhailov, V. N. and Povalishnikova, E. S. 1999 Are not ecological and economic losses inevitable under conditions of the Caspian level non-stabilization? (in Russian). Vestnik MGU, Geographical Series, 5: 47–54.
Selivanov, A. O. 1997 Coastal modifications of the Caspian Sea and other Central Asian lakes as natural models for coastal responses to the global sea-level rise. Bollettino di Geofisica, 37 (1): 114–129.
UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) 1997 Consequences of Climate Changes in the Caspian Sea in the Caspian Sea Region: Regional Review Document. UNEP, Geneva.
Svitovch, A. A. and Yanina, T. A. 1997 Quaternary Sediments of the Caspian Sea. (in Russian). Lomonosov Moscow State University Publication, Moscow.
Svitoch, A. A., Selivanov, A. O. and Yanina, T. A. 1998 Palaeogeographic Events in the Ponto-Caspian and Mediterranean Basins). (in Russian). Lomonosov Moscow State University Publication, Moscow.
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Bird, E.C.F. (2003). Caspian Sea. In: Bird, E.C.F. (eds) The World’s Coasts: Online. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48369-6_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48369-6_12
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