Flourished Ṣāghān (near Merv, Turkmenistan)
Died Baghdad, (Iraq), 990
Ṣāghānī was a mathematician, astronomer, and astrolabe maker. The 13th‐century biographer al‐Qifṭī reports that Ṣāghānī was an expert in geometry and cosmology (ҁ ilm al‐hay'a) and was the inventor and maker of instruments of observation. He had a number of students in Baghdad. He was also one of the outstanding astronomers at the observatory (bayt al‐raṣd) built by order of the Būyid ruler Sharaf al‐Dawla (982–989) at the extremity of the garden of the royal palace.
The Sharaf al‐Dawla Observatory was the first in the history of Islam to have official status of some kind. According to al‐Qifṭī, its program included the observation of the seven planets. This task was entrusted by Sharaf al‐Dawla to Wījan ibn Rustam al‐ Kūhī, the director (ṣāḥib) of the observatory and the leader of the astronomers working at the institution in 988. One of the project's achievements was the observation of the Sun's entrance into...
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Selected References
Al‐Qiftī, Jamāl al‐Dīn (1903). Ta'rīkh al‐hukamā', edited by J. Lippert, p. 79. Leipzig: Theodor Weicher.
Hogendijk, Jan P. (2001). “The Contributions by Abū Nasr ibn ҁIrāq and al‐Sāghānī to the Theory of Seasonal Hour Lines on Astrolabes and Sundials.” Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Arabisch‐Islamischen Wissenschaften 14: 1–30. (Hogendijk gives an edition, translation, and commentary of Sāghānī's only extant chapter from his Risāla fī al‐sā ҁ āt al‐ma ҁ mūla ҁ alāsafā'ih al‐asturlāb.)
Lorch, Richard (1987). “Al‐Saghānī's Treatise on Projecting the Sphere.” In From Deferent to Equant: A Volume of Studies in the History of Science in the Ancient and Medieval Near East in Honor of E. S. Kennedy, edited by David A. King and George Saliba, pp. 237–252. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 500. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. (Reprinted in Lorch, Arabic Mathematical Sciences, XVII. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1995.) (Study of the Kitāb fī kayfiyyat tastīsh al‐kura ҁ alā satsh al‐asturlāb.)
Puig, Roser (1996). “On the Eastern Sources of Ibn al‐Zarqālluh's Orthographic Projection.” In From Baghdad to Barcelona: Studies in the Islamic Exact Sciences in Honour of Prof. Juan Vernet, edited by Josep Casulleras and Julio Samsó. Vol. 2, pp. 737–753. Barcelona: Instituto “Millás Valicrosa”de Historia de la Ciencia Árabe.
Sayılı, Aydın (1960). The Observatory in Islam. Ankara: Turkish Historical Society.
Sezgin, Fuat. Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Vol. 5, Mathematik (1974): 311; Vol. 6, Astronomie (1978): 217–218. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
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Puig, R. (2007). Ṣāghānī: Abū Ḥāmid Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al‐Ṣāghānī [al‐Ṣaghānī] al‐Asṭurlābī. In: Hockey, T., et al. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1208
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