5.2 Nitric Oxide in Regulation of Mitochondrial Function, Respiration, and Glycolysis

Bolaños, J. P.; Almeida, A.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30411-3_18

J. P. Bolaños &
A. Almeida

1069 Accesses

1 Introduction

After the discovery of its biological activity, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play essential functions in the modulation of vascular tone (Ignarro et al., 1987; Palmer et al., 1987), neurotransmission (Garthwaite et al., 1988), and the immune system (Hibbs et al., 1988; Stuehr and Nathan, 1989). Formed by a family of NO synthases (NOS), NO mainly binds to soluble guanylyl cyclase and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and thus mediates cellular signaling cascades. The binding of NO with soluble guanylyl cyclase allosterically activates the enzyme, which strongly increases cyclic GMP concentrations. In smooth muscle cells, endothelial-derived NO thus switches on cyclic GMP-activated protein kinase, which mediates the relaxation that leads to vasodilatation. The binding of NO with the a–a ₃ binuclear center of cytochrome c oxidase rapidly decreases the affinity of the enzyme complex for O₂, hence inhibiting the mitochondrial electron flux and ATP synthesis.

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Acknowledgments

J.P.B. is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (grant SAF2004-2038) and the Junta de Castilla-León (grant SA081/04). A.A.P. is funded by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (grant FIS03/1055) and the Junta de Castilla-León (grant SA020/02). The authors wish to thank Dr. María Delgado-Esteban, Dr. Paula García-Nogales, Dr. Victoria Vega-Agapito, Dr. Pilar Cidad, Dr. Emilio Fernández, Prof. Jose M. Medina, Dr. Simon J. Heales, Prof. John B. Clark, Dr. Guy C. Brown, and Prof. Salvador Moncada for exciting collaborative efforts that led to part of the results discussed in this chapter.

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J. P. Bolaños
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A. Almeida
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Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, Newyork, USA
Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)
Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Burke Medical Research Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
Gary E. Gibson Ph.D. (Professor of Neuroscience Department of Neurology and Neuroscience) (Professor of Neuroscience Department of Neurology and Neuroscience)
Dept. Neurology and Physiology & Biophysics, University Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Shorey Bldg. Room 715, Mail Slot 830 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
Gerald A. Dienel Ph.D. (Professor) (Professor)

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Bolaños, J.P., Almeida, A. (2007). 5.2 Nitric Oxide in Regulation of Mitochondrial Function, Respiration, and Glycolysis. In: Lajtha, A., Gibson, G.E., Dienel, G.A. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30411-3_18

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Published: 01 January 2007
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