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Underwater Acoustics

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Springer Handbook of Acoustics

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

It is well established that sound waves, compared to electromagnetic waves, propagate long distances in the ocean. Hence, in the ocean as opposed to air or a vacuum, one uses sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) instead of radar, acoustic communication instead of radio, and acoustic imaging and tomography instead of microwave or optical imaging or X-ray tomography. Underwater acoustics is the science of sound in water (most commonly in the ocean) and encompasses not only the study of sound propagation, but also the masking of sound signals by interfering phenomenon and signal processing for extracting these signals from interference. This chapter we will present the basics physics of ocean acoustics and then discuss applications.

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Abbreviations

AC:

articulation class

ADCP:

acoustic Doppler current profiler

ASW:

apparent source width

AUV:

automated underwater vehicle

BER:

bit error rate

CSDM:

cross-spectral-density matrix

DSL:

deep scattering layer

EOF:

empirical orthogonal function

FFP:

fast field program

FFT:

fast Fourier transform

FM:

frequency modulated

FOM:

figure of merit

FSK:

frequency shift keying

IFFT:

inverse fast Fourier transform

ISI:

intersymbol interference

MFP:

matched field processing

MIMO:

multiple-input multiple-output

MLM:

maximum-likelihood method

MRA:

main response axis

MV:

minimum variance

PC:

phase conjugation

PD:

probability of detection

PDF:

probability density function

PE:

parabolic equation

PFA:

probability of false alarm

PL:

propagation loss

PS:

peak systolic

PS:

phase stepping

PSK:

phase shift keying

QAM:

quadrature amplitude modulation

ROC:

receiving operating characteristic

SE:

signal excess

SISO:

single-input single-output

SL:

sensation level

SNR:

signal-to-noise ratio

TDGF:

time-domain Greenʼs function

TL:

transmission loss

TR:

time reversal

TR:

treble ratio

TVG:

time-varied gain

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093-0701, La Jolla, CA, USA

    William Kuperman Prof.

  2. Laboratoire de Geophysique Interne et Tectonophysique, Université Joseph Fourier, 38041, Grenoble, France

    Philippe Roux Dr.

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  1. Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA

    Thomas D. Rossing Prof.

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Kuperman, W., Roux, P. (2007). Underwater Acoustics. In: Rossing, T. (eds) Springer Handbook of Acoustics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30425-0_5

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