Definition of the Subject
Nonlinear problems in structural earthquake engineering deal with the dynamic response of meta‐stable, man‐made buildings subjected tostrong earthquake shaking. During earthquakes, structures constructed on soft sediments and soils deform together with the underlying soil in the dynamicprocess called soil–structure interaction. Strong shaking forces the soil–structure systems to evolve through different levels of nonlinearresponse, with continuously changing properties that depend upon the time history of excitation and on the progression and degree of damage. Thus far, theanalyses of this response have used the vibrational approach and lumped mass discrete models to represent real structures. Loss of life and property,however, continue to be high during strong shaking in the vicinity of the faults responsible for earthquakes. This calls for new, more physically refinedmethods of analysis, which can be based on nonlinear wave propagation, and for balancing of...
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Abbreviations
- Meta‐stability of man‐made structures :
-
is the consequence of their upright construction above ground. For excessive dynamic (earthquake) loads, when the lateral deflection exceeds some critical value (this is normally accompanied by softening nonlinear behavior of the structural members), the overturning moment of the gravity forces becomes larger than the restoring moment, and the structure becomes unstable and moves exponentially toward collapse.
- Complex and evolving structural systems :
-
are structures with a large number of degrees of freedom and many structural members, which for given loads experience softening nonlinear deformations. During strong excitation, continuous changes (typically decreases) in effective stiffness and time‐dependent changes in boundary conditions result in a system whose properties are changing with time.
- Soil–structure interaction :
-
is a process in which the soil and the structure contribute to mutual deformations while undergoing dynamic response. In time, with continuously changing contact area between the foundation and the soil (opening and closing of gaps), when the deformations are large, soil–structure interaction is characterized by nonlinear geometry and nonlinear material properties in both the soil and in the structure.
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Trifunac, M.D. (2009). Earthquake Engineering, Non-linear Problems in. In: Meyers, R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_148
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