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Parenting styles refer to the typical ways parents think, feel and behave in terms of child-rearing.
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The most widely known categories of parenting styles are based on the work of Diana Baumrind [1, 2]. Most of her research has focused on two dimensions of parenting style: authority and affection [1, 2]. Authority or demandingness refers to the degree to which parents try to control their children’s behavior by setting rational standards for behavior. Affection or responsiveness refers to the amount and way love is expressed to the child and acceptance of the child’s points of view. Based on these dimensions, Baumrind identified three categories of parenting styles [1].
The Authoritative parentshows high levels of control, coupled with high levels of warmth. Authoritative parents exercise significant authority over their children’s behavior but at the same time they do this with warmth and...
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References
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4, 1–103.
Baumrind, D. (1989). Rearing competent children. In W. Damon (Ed.), Child development today and tomorrow (pp. 349–378). SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass.
Belsky, J., & Fearon, R. (2004). Exploring marriage-parenting typologies and their contextual antecedents and developmental sequelae. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 51–523.
Galambos, N., Barker, E., & Almeida, D. (2003). Parents do matter: Trajectories of change in externalizing and internalizing problems in early adolescence. Child Development, 74, 578–594.
Kuczynski, L., & Lollis, S. (2002). Four foundations for a dynamic model of parenting. In J. Gerris (Ed.), Dynamics of parenting. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S., Darling, N., Mounts, S., & Dornbusch, S. (1994). Overtime changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754–770.
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Levin, E. (2011). Baumrind’s Parenting Styles. In: Goldstein, S., Naglieri, J.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_293
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_293
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