Definition
Soft signs refer to subtle abnormalities in sensory-perceptual, motor, or other central nervous system functions. They are findings that are pathological at any age, but more subtle manifestations of hard signs or behaviors that are abnormal because they persist beyond a normal age. In contrast to hard neurological signs, they are nonspecific indicators of impairment, and are not associated with focal brain dysfunction or any specific disease process. They may not cause functional impairment. Examples of neurological soft signs (NSS) include clumsiness, motor incoordination, motor overflow, difficulty with motor sequencing or rapid successive movements, stereognosis or graphesthesia, right-left confusion, and extinction in response to double simultaneous stimulation.
Historical Background
The concept of soft signs originated in the early twentieth century. Samuel Orten was the...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References and Readings
Chan, R. C. K., & Gottesman, I. I. (2008). Neurological soft signs as candidate endophenotypes for schizophrenia: A shooting star or a Northern star? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 957–971.
Dazzan, P., Morgan, K. D., Chitnis, X., Suckling, J., Morgan, C., Fearon, P., et al. (2006). The structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in healthy individuals. Cerebral Cortex, 8, 1225–1231.
Deuel, R. K. (2002). Motor soft signs and development. In S. J. Segalowitz, & I. Rapin (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (2nd ed., Vol. 8, Part I, pp. 367–383).
Landgren, M., Petterson, F., Kjellman, B., & Gillberg, C. (1996). ADHD, DAMP, and other neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders in 6-year-old children: epidemiology and comorbidity. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 38, 891–906.
Martins, I., Lauterbach, M., Slade, P., Luis, H., DeRouen, T., Martin, M., et al. (2008). A longitudinal study of neurological soft signs from late childhood into early adulthood. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 50, 602–607.
Rutter, M. (1982). Syndromes attributed to “Minimal Brain Dysfunction” in childhood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 21–33.
Spreen, O., Risser, A. H., & Edgell, D. (1995). Soft neurological signs and their significance. InDevelopmental neuropsychology (pp. 347–362). New York: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this entry
Cite this entry
Cass, J., Yeates, K.O. (2011). Soft Signs. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1595
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1595
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-79947-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-79948-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science