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S100 Proteins

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins

  • 118 Accesses

Definition

Most S100 proteins are Ca2+-binding proteins involved in Ca2+-signal transduction. They have a well-conserved EF-hand Ca2+-binding motif and a second atypical EF-hand. S100s form stable symmetric homodimers and in the presence of appropriate binding targets, dissociation constants for Ca2+-binding reach physiological levels. S100 proteins are generally constitutively expressed in a cell-specific manner. Several are induced by growth factors, cytokines, or Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, in processes associated with stress responses, an activated innate immune system, tumorigenesis, and/or tissue repair. In addition to functions as intracellular regulators, many S100 proteins act extracellularly and particular posttranslational modifications can promote changes in extracellular function. Receptors have been elusive, but include the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), N-glycans and TLRs.

Background

Several classes of Ca2+-binding proteins have evolved from...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, C.P. 81 Succ. 3, Perugia, 06122, Italy

    Rosario Donato

  2. Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Prof. Carolyn L. Geczy

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Dr. David J. Weber

Authors
  1. Rosario Donato
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  2. Prof. Carolyn L. Geczy
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  3. Dr. David J. Weber
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Correspondence to Rosario Donato .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Robert H. Kretsinger

  2. Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Vladimir N. Uversky

  3. Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia

    Eugene A. Permyakov

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Donato, R., Geczy, C.L., Weber, D.J. (2013). S100 Proteins. In: Kretsinger, R.H., Uversky, V.N., Permyakov, E.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_48

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