Synonyms
Face matching; Face registration
Definition
Face alignment is a computer vision technology for identifying the geometric structure of human faces in digital images. Given the location and size of a face, it automatically determines the shape of the face components such as eyes and nose. A face alignment program typically operates by iteratively adjusting a deformable model, which encodes the prior knowledge of face shape or appearance, to take into account the low-level image evidences and find the face that is present in the image.
Introduction
The ability of understanding and interpreting facial structures is important for many image analysis tasks. Suppose that if we want to identify a person from a surveillance camera, a natural approach would be running the face image of the person through a database of known faces, examining the differences, and identifying the best match. However, simply subtracting one image from another would not yield the desirable differences (as...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
A.L. Yuille, P.W. Hallinan, D.S. Cohen, Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 8(2), 99–111 (1992). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00127169. http://www.stat.ucla.edu/~yuille/pubs/optimize_papers/DT_IJCV1992.pdf
T.F. Cootes, C. Taylor, D. Cooper, J. Graham, Active shape models – their training and their applications. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 61, 38–59 (1995)
L. Wiskott, J.M. Fellous, N. Kruger, C. von der Malsburg, Face recognition by elastic bunch graph matching. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(7), 775–779 (1997). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.598235. http://www.face-rec.org/algorithms/EBGM/WisFelKrue99-FaceRecognition-JainBook.pdf
V. Blanz, T. Vetter, A morphable model for the synthesis of 3d-faces, in ACM SIGGRAPH, Los Angeles, 1999
T. Cootes, G. Edwards, C. Taylor, Active appearance models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(6), 681–685 (2001)
Y. Zhou, L. Gu, H. Zhang, Bayesian tangent shape model: estimating shape and pose parameters via Bayesian inference, in CVPR, Madison, vol. I, 2003, pp. 109–116. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~gu/publication/alignment_cvpr03.pdf
Z. Zhang, Z. Liu, D. Adler, M.F. Cohen, E. Hanson, Y. Shan, Robust and rapid generation of animated faces from video images – a model-based modeling approach. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 58, 93–119 (2004)
L. Gu, T. Kanande, 3d alignment of face in a single image, in CVPR, New York, 2006
L. Gu, T. Kanade, A generative shape regularization model for robust face alignment, in The Tenth European Conference on Computer Vision, Marseille, 2008
C. Goodall, Procrustes methods in the statistical analysis of shape. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.) 53, 285–339 (1991)
M. Jipping, C. Bishop, Probabilistic principal component analysis. J. R. Stat. Soc. 61, 611–622 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this entry
Cite this entry
Gu, L., Kanade, T. (2015). Face Alignment. In: Li, S.Z., Jain, A.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Biometrics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4_186
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7488-4_186
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-7487-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-7488-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceReference Module Computer Science and Engineering