Skip to main content

Addressing Racial Trauma in Therapy with Ethnic-Minority Clients

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy
  • 166 Accesses

Synonyms

Discrimination; Race-based traumatic stress; Racial trauma; Racism; Racist-incident based trauma

Introduction

Given the current race-relations in the United States, with racially motivated hate crimes, divisive rhetoric, and political fearmongering occurring almost daily, ethnic-minority families are at an increased risk for the development of negative mental health outcomes. One such outcome that clinicians should be mindful of and assess for is the development of trauma symptoms, such as fear, anxiety, avoidance, and helplessness, as a result of directly experiencing or witnessing racist incidents or discrimination. This is also referred to as racial trauma.

Description

Racial trauma has been defined as “an emotional injury motivated by hate or fear of a person or group based on their race or ethnicity; a racially motivated stressor that overwhelms the capacity to cope; a racially motivated, interpersonal stressor that causes harm or threatens one’s life; or a severe...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bryant-Davis, T. (2007). Healing requires recognition: The case for race-based traumatic stress. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(1), 135–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant-Davis, T., & Ocampo, C. (2006). A therapeutic approach to the treatment of racist-incident-based trauma. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6, 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, R. T. (2007). Racism and psychological and emotional injury: Recognizing and assessing race-based traumatic stress. The Counseling Psychologist, 35, 13–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Contrada, R. J., Ashmore, R. D., Gary, M. L., Coups, E., Egeth, J. D., Sewell, A., et al. (2001). Measures of ethnicity-related stress: Psychometric properties, ethnic group differences, and associations of well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology, 31, 1775–1820.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, C. B., Wallace, S. A., & Fenton, R. E. (2000). Discrimination distress during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(6), 679–695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, K. V. (2013). Healing the hidden wounds of racial trauma. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 22(1), 24–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, L. J. (2005). Taking off the mask: Breaking the silence – The art of naming racism in the therapy room. In M. Rastogi & E. Wieling (Eds.), Voices of color: First-person accounts of ethnic minority therapists (pp. 91–115). California: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Utsey, S. O., & Payne, Y. A. (2000). Differential psychological and emotional impacts of race-related stress. Journal of African American Men, 5, 56–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Utsey, S. O., Chae, M. H., Brown, C. F., & Kelly, D. (2002). Effect of ethnic group membership on ethnic identity, race-related stress, and quality of life. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8, 366–377.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jamila Evans Reynolds .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Cite this entry

Reynolds, J.E. (2017). Addressing Racial Trauma in Therapy with Ethnic-Minority Clients. In: Lebow, J., Chambers, A., Breunlin, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_931-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_931-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15877-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15877-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics