Historical Background
Before 1999, the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) did not exist as graphics on the personal computer were manipulated by a video graphics array (VGA) controller (Blythe 2008; Nickolls and Kirk 2012). NVIDIA’s GeForce 256 was released in October 1999 as the first GPU in the world, while GPU was the term to denote that the graphics device had become a processor. Originally GPU was designed to process and generate computer graphics, images, and video games. When high quality and resolution graphics are expected in varieties of applications, in order to process large volume of pixels or vertices or geometries efficiently, hundreds of GPU cores and thousands of threads have to be developed and deployed accordingly. Consequently new generations of GPUs are massively parallel programmable processors that can be used for general purpose scientific computation. General-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is thus a more specific term in high performance...
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Recommended Reading
Nickolls J, Dally WJ (2010) The GPU computing era. IEEE Micro 30:56–69
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Shi, X., Huang, M. (2017). GPGPU in GIS. In: Shekhar, S., Xiong, H., Zhou, X. (eds) Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_1649
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