Definition
Spatio-temporal data refer to data that are both spatial and time-varying in nature, for instance, the data concerning traffic flows on a highway during rush hours. Spatio-temporal data are also being abundantly produced in many scientific domains. Examples include the datasets in computational fluid dynamics that describe the evolutionary behavior of vortices in fluid flows, and the datasets in bioinformatics that study the folding pathways of proteins from an initially string-like 3D structure to their respective native 3D structure.
One important issue in analyzing spatio-temporal data is to characterize the spatial relationship among spatial entities and, more importantly, to define how such a relationship evolves or changes over time. In the traffic flow example, one might be interested in identifying and monitoring the automobiles that are following one another...
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Recommended Reading
Mokbel MF, Ghanem TM, Aref WG. Spatio-temporal access methods. Technical report, Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University
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Yang, H., Parthasarathy, S. (2017). Patterns in Spatiotemporal Data. In: Shekhar, S., Xiong, H., Zhou, X. (eds) Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_966
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