Skip to main content

Prejudice

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences

Synonyms

Bias; Bigotry; Chauvinism; Intergroup bias; Intolerance of others; Negative attitude toward others

Definition

Prejudice is described as “an unfair negative attitude toward a social group or a member of that group” (Dovidio and Gaertner 1999, p. 101). In the field of social psychology, prejudice and the concepts of stereotypes and discrimination are among the core aspects in the area of group perception. This triad of group perception components is interlinked. For instance, both prejudice and stereotypes can feed into discrimination and vice versa; stereotypes may lead to prejudice; and prejudice may rationalize stereotypes (Brehm et al. 1999).

Introduction

Gordon Allport (1954), through his book The Nature of Prejudice, is recognized as the pioneer proponent who positioned the basics of prejudice. His work in this area is noted as having a lasting influence on both the field of social psychology and the scholars who followed suit because he was the kind of intellectual who...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, S. S., Kassin, S. M., & Fein, S. (1999). Social psychology (4th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, M. B. (1979). Ingroup bias in the minimal group situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brotherton, C. (2007). Book reviews: The social psychology of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice. Journal of Community and Applied Psychology, 17, 159–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovidio, J. F. (2001). On the nature of contemporary prejudice: The third wave. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 829–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1999). Reducing prejudice: Combating intergroup biases. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 101–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dovidio, J. F., Glick, P., & Rudman, L. A. (Eds.). (2005). On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport. Malden: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (1986). The aversive form of racism. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 61–89). Orlando: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F., Anastacio, P. A., Bachman, B. A., & Rist, M. C. (1993). The common ingroup identity model: Recategorization and the reduction of intergroup bias. European Review of Social Psychology, 4, 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2003). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justification for gender inequality. In S. Plous (Ed.), Understanding prejudice and discrimination (pp. 225–231). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, I. (1981). Stigma: A social psychological analysis. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, I., & Hass, R. (1988). Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 893–905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovel, J. (1970). White racism: A psychohistory. New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConahay, J. B., & Hough, J. (1976). Symbolic racism. Journal of Social Issues, 32, 23–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plous, S. (2003). Homo stereotypes: Wired for trouble). In S. Plous (Ed.), Understanding prejudice and discrimination (pp. 3–48). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmalz, D. L., & Mowatt, R. A. (2014). The unsettling nature of prejudice: An introduction to the special issue. Journal of Leisure Research, 46, 245–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1984). The role of ignorance in intergroup relations. In N. Miller & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation (pp. 229–257). Orlando: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223, 96–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitley, B. E., & Kite, M. E. (2010). The psychology of prejudice and discrimination (2nd ed.). Belmont: Thomson & Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanna, M. P. (1994). On the nature of prejudice. Canadian Psychology, 35, 11–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rozel S. Balmores-Paulino .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Balmores-Paulino, R.S. (2018). Prejudice. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1889-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1889-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28099-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28099-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics