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The Synthesis and Solution Stability of Alkoxide Precursors

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Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to serve as a guide in understanding the principles in the chemical approaches to and stability of the metal and silicon alkoxide precursors. The major accent is made on the overview of the accessible precursor compounds applicable in sol‐gel technology, focusing on their synthesis and reactivity including the chemistry behind the sol‐gel process. The chapter provides an insight into the synthesis of homometallic precursors (see section “Synthesis of Homometallic Precursors”), synthesis of heterometallic precursors (see section “Synthesis of Heterometallic Alkoxide Precursors”), solution stability with respect to formation of oxoalkoxides (see section “Solution Stability with Respect to Formation of Oxoalkoxides”), solution stability with respect to solvolysis (see section “Solution Stability with Respect to Solvolysis”), and, finally, a short review summarizing the literature data on individual alkoxide complexes applied as precursors (see section “Individual Alkoxide Complexes Applied as Precursors”) considering separately the homometallic species (see section “Homometallic Precursors”) and the heterometallic ones – so-called single-source precursors (see section “Heterometallic Precursors”). Finally, a brief overview of the modern concepts treating the transformation of precursors into materials is also provided (see section “The Chemistry of Alkoxide Precursors’ Transformation into Oxide Materials in Sol-Gel Technology”).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Almas allé 5, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden

    Vadim G. Kessler

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  1. Vadim G. Kessler
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Correspondence to Vadim G. Kessler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA

    Lisa Klein

  2. Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Mario Aparicio

  3. Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA

    Andrei Jitianu

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Kessler, V.G. (2018). The Synthesis and Solution Stability of Alkoxide Precursors. In: Klein, L., Aparicio, M., Jitianu, A. (eds) Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32101-1_1

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