Atomic Symbol: Cl
Atomic Number: 17
Atomic Weight: 35.453
Isotopes and Abundances: stable 35Cl (75.76%) and 37Cl (24.24%) and radioactive 36Cl (t1/2 = 301.3 ka)
1 Atm Melting Point: 171.65 K
1 Atm Boiling Point: 239.11 K
Common Valences: −1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Ionic Radii: 1.8 Ã…
Pauling Electronegativity: 3.16
First Ionization Potential: 1256.2 kJ mol−1
Chondritic (CI) Abundance: 680 ppm
Silicate Earth Abundance: 15–30 ppm
Crustal Abundance: 140–470 ppm
Seawater Abundance: 19,300 ppm
Core Abundance: <20 ppb?
Properties
Chlorine is a diatomic toxic green-yellow gas at room temperature with a bleach-like smell. However, Cl is characterized by an S2P5outer electron shell configuration and is highly electronegative, meaning it rarely exists in its elemental form in nature. Chlorine most commonly forms the chloride ion with a valence of -1, but it can exist in a number of different valence states. Chloride forms strong ionic bonds in salts and substitutes for the OH group...
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Kendrick, M.A. (2018). Chlorine. In: White, W.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_89
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_89
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