Abstract
What is citizenship? What is nationality? What are the principles regulating citizenship around the world? How are those principles related to the growing prevalence of dual citizenship or statelessness? And how are the various citizenship regimes related to migrants’ assimilation in host countries or to the portability of rights across borders? This chapter addresses these questions. It starts with an overview of the various regimes governing citizenship around the world, how they have evolved over time, and the consequences of such a progression on statelessness, on migrants’ economic assimilation, and on the portability of rights across borders. It discusses the expanding recognition of dual citizenship by countries, frequently as a result of the growing share of individuals living in a country other than their country of birth and countries’ growing interests in harnessing the financial, human, and social capital of emigrants. Finally, the chapter touches upon the evolving notion of expatriates, as well as on countries’ diverging approach to emigrants’ rights, the subject of debate for quite some time – namely, the right to vote and the right to return.
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Responsible Section Editor: Klaus F. Zimmermann. There is no conflict of interest.
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Amuedo-Dorantes, C., Kietzerow, A.M., Pozo, S. (2021). Naturalization, Citizenship, and Identity Documents. In: Zimmermann, K.F. (eds) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_93-1
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