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Affirmative Action Measures and Gender Equality: Review of Evidence, Policies, and Practices

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Gender Equality

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals ((ENUNSDG))

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Definitions

Affirmative action: Affirmative action covers programmes, initiatives, measures, policies, strategies, or interventions aimed at correcting or addressing inequality and discrimination against people with protected characteristics in employment and access to services, all measures which seek by means of positive steps to alter existing social practices to eliminate patterns of group exclusion and disadvantage (Bell et al. 1996; Black and Garner 1999).

Gender equality: Gender equality is a concept that bestows on people of all genders to have equal access, privileges, and responsibilities (European Institute for Gender Equality 2020). It respects the different desires and behaviors of both women and men and gives all human beings the freedom to develop to their full potentials without the restrictions imposed by gender roles (European Commission 1998) and does not mean that women and men will become the same (European Institute for Gender Equality 2020).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Inclusion and Diversity, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK

    Uduak Archibong & Kingsley Udie Utam

Authors
  1. Uduak Archibong
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  2. Kingsley Udie Utam
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uduak Archibong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. European School of Sustainability, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

  2. Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Anabela Marisa Azul

  3. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Passo Fundo, Brazil

    Luciana Brandli

  4. HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Amanda Lange Salvia

  5. International Centre for Thriving, University of Chester, Chester, UK

    Tony Wall

Section Editor information

  1. Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Katarzyna Cichos

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Archibong, U., Utam, K.U. (2020). Affirmative Action Measures and Gender Equality: Review of Evidence, Policies, and Practices. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Gender Equality. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70060-1_52-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70060-1_52-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-70060-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70060-1

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