Cross-Disciplinary Drivers: Benefit to Smallholder Farmers and to Achieve SDGs by Various Means

Abstract

Development of policies to mitigate climate change, adaptation, and migration needs cross-disciplinary work to understand the drivers and motivations to address the adversities of climate change. Interdisciplinary or multisector solutions are essential so that the mobility of people will help to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including “1 no poverty,” “2 zero hunger,” and sustainability in food production for all. It has been considered that farming underpins the economies and stability of most of the poorest countries in the world. However, in Western countries, people – especially the young – do not want to be working long, hard, hours on farms, often with uncertain production and visible environmental degradation. This is one of the many drivers of increased urbanization and associated migration. The chapter present that there is dire need to develop viable agricultural systems, including appropriate genetics approaches, agronomy, technology, and logistics, to meet the aspirations of the rural populations of developing countries. Exploitation of the genetic diversity of conventional and nonconventional crops is the basic for the adaptation to climate change and provides crops with secure yields delivered with low inputs because of their optimal genetics. It was also concluded that the lack of coordination among all agricultural approaches to ensure food security. Due to the over exploitation of genetic diversity, the biodiversity is going to loss. It is also suggested that participatory approaches to conserve genetic diversity of crop plant have the potential to save the endangered plant genetic resources to ensure food security.