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New Drugs of Abuse and Cardiovascular Function

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Brain and Heart Dynamics

Abstract

Over the past decade, several new chemical compounds (the so-called NPS, new or novel psychoactive substances) have been synthesized and placed on the abuse market. About a thousand agents are known and monitored by supranational and national agencies because they cause new intoxication, prolonged health adverse effects, and addiction. Synthetic cannabinoids, cathinones, ketamines, new phenethylamines, and other molecules are today readily available at low cost. The high potency of these compounds, the important effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, the still little knowledge about the prolonged health consequences, together with the hope to identify contrastable mechanisms of toxicity, have conquered the scene of the scientific research on substances of abuse in the recent years. Clinically, the cardiotoxicity appears to be similar for the majority of NPS, with the prevalence of sympathomimetic and excitatory cardiovascular signs and symptoms. The mortality in the acute phase of intoxication, however, seems to be related not only to cardiac accidents, but in several cases, also to impairment of several organs/systems (multiorgan failure). The long-term consequences for the cardiovascular system, in addition, are not yet known. More in-depth mechanistic studies, still scarcely available today, will contribute in the future to a better therapeutic approach in the emergency setting.

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Acknowledgments

Italian clinical data reported in this chapter come from the activity of the Pavia Poison Centre as clinical and toxicological coordinating center for the Italian National Early Warning System for Drugs of Abuse (Department of Antidrug Policies – Presidency of the Council of Ministers) and are in part supported by the Ricerca Corrente funding of the Italian Ministry of Health.

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  1. Toxicology Unit, Pavia Poison Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Hospital, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy

    Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Davide Lonati & Valeria Margherita Petrolini

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  1. Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
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  2. Davide Lonati
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  3. Valeria Margherita Petrolini
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Correspondence to Carlo Alessandro Locatelli .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Sect, University of Pavia, Dept of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Sect, Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Stefano Govoni

  2. Dept of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia Dept of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Pierluigi Politi

  3. Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Emilio Vanoli

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  1. Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia,, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy

    Guido Mannaioni

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Locatelli, C.A., Lonati, D., Petrolini, V.M. (2020). New Drugs of Abuse and Cardiovascular Function. In: Govoni, S., Politi, P., Vanoli, E. (eds) Brain and Heart Dynamics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90305-7_55-1

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