Synonyms
Acquired lipodystrophy; Localized lipodystrophy; Centrifugal lipodystrophy
Definition and Characteristics
The lipodystrophy syndromes are rare disorders characterized by the loss of adipose tissue [1]. The loss of fat tissue can have genetic, immune, or infectious/drug-associated causes. Metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and fatty liver, increase in severity with the extent of fat loss. Lipodystrophies can be divided into two subtypes: familial and acquired. Causative mutations have recently been identified in one form of familial lipodystrophy as well as in one form of acquired lipodystrophy. Several mouse models might help understanding the development of these syndromes.
Panniculitis describes a clinical symptom caused by an inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue followed by a loss of adipose tissue. Panniculitis may be a sign of some forms of acquired lipodystrophy. Panniculitis may occur as an autoimmune...
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References
Fischer-Posovszky P, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M (2002) Lipodystrophies. Klin Padiatr 214:99–103
Garg A (2004) Acquired and inherited lipodystrophies. N Engl J Med 350:1220–1234
Fischer-Posovszky P, Hebestreit H, Hofmann AK, Strauss G, Moller P, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M (2006) Role of CD95-mediated adipocyte loss in autoimmune lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:1129–1135
Fischer-Posovszky P, Tornqvist H, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M (2004) Inhibition of death-receptor mediated apoptosis in human adipocytes by the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)/IGF-I receptor autocrine circuit. Endocrinology 145:1849–1859
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Wabitsch, M., Debatin, KM., Posovzsky, P.F. (2009). Panniculitis. In: Lang, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_1364
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_1364
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