Abstract
The regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis involves several different hormones that act on the kidney, intestine, and bone. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the primary regulator of extracellular calcium ion concentration; while fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is likely to be the most important regulator of extracellular phosphate concentration. In response to a decrease in the extracellular calcium concentration, secretion of PTH from the parathyroid glands is increased. PTH acts on the distal renal tubules to decrease excretion of calcium and it stimulates the production of the 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in the proximal tubules. The biologically active 1,25(OH)2D in turn acts on the intestine to enhance the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
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Acknowledgements
HJ is supported by grants from the NIH, NIDDK (DK-46718 and DK-50708) and RVT is supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC), UK.
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Sharma, A., Thakker, R.V., Jüppner, H. (2009). Genetic Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis. In: Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., Yoshikawa, N. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_11
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