Definition
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal disorder caused by a malignant transformation of a hematopoietic stem cell. Mature granulocytes and precursors proliferate and increase in bone marrow and peripheral blood.
Characteristics
The annual incidence is 1–2 cases every 100,000 inhabitants/year and increases with age, with a male prevalence. It account for 15–20 % of all cases of leukemia in adult Western population. The disease is characterized by a reciprocal translocation t(9;22) (q34;q11) called Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The Ph chromosome is present in more than 90 % of adult CML patients, in 15–30 % of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and in 2 % of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Diagnosis is often based on morphological analysis of peripheral blood that showed increased mature myeloid cells, eosinophils, and basophils. Characterization of disease is...
Abbreviations
- ALL:
-
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AML:
-
Acute myeloid leukemia
- AP:
-
Accelerated phase
- BP:
-
Terminal blastic phase
- CCyR:
-
Conventional cytogenetic analysis
- CHR:
-
Complete hematologic remission
- CP:
-
Chronic phase
- MMR:
-
Major molecular response
- OS:
-
Overall survival
- Ph:
-
Philadelphia chromosome
- RQ-PCR:
-
Real quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- RT-PCR:
-
Real-time polymerase chain reaction
References
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Breccia M, Alimena G (2011b) Nilotinib for the treatment of newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia: review of the latest clinical evidence. Clin Investig 1:707–719
Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ et al (2001) Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 344:1031–1037
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Breccia, M. (2014). Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. In: Schwab, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_1156-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_1156-6
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Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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