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New Synthetic Carbon Allotropes

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Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials

Synonyms

Modifications of pure carbon;Synthetic carbon species

Definition

Any of several chemically synthesized forms of the element carbon

Introduction

Carbon compounds form the molecular basis of life on earth. Nature typically presents carbon in molecules chemically bound to other atoms, e.g., in carbon dioxide, carbonates, sugars, and natural gas, just to name a few. On the other hand, carbon can also be found in pure forms, called allotropes. As a result of its unique bonding ability, carbon is capable of forming many allotropes, whose physical properties vary widely with each form. This can easily be appreciated by looking at the two best-known carbon allotropes, diamond and graphite, which consist of extended networks ofsp 3- andsp 2-hybridized carbon atoms, respectively (Fig.1a,b). Diamond is highly transparent, it is the hardest naturally occurring material known, and it shows very low electrical conductivity. Graphite, however, is nontransparent, black, and soft enough to be...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91504, Germany

    Dominik Prenzel & Rik R. Tykwinski

Authors
  1. Dominik Prenzel
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  2. Rik R. Tykwinski
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rik R. Tykwinski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kyoto Institute of Technology R & D Center for Bio-Based Materials, Kyoto, Japan

    Shiro Kobayashi

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany

    Klaus Müllen

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Prenzel, D., Tykwinski, R.R. (2014). New Synthetic Carbon Allotropes. In: Kobayashi, S., Müllen, K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_338-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_338-1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-36199-9

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