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Antiviral Responses

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Compendium of Inflammatory Diseases

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Synonyms

Innate immunity to viral infection; Recognition of viruses by pattern recognition receptors

Definition

Invasion of viruses into the host induces a defense response that is initiated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (Kawai and Akira 2011; Takeuchi and Akira 2010). The signaling pathway triggered by engagement of these molecules leads to cellular activation which increases the expression of co-stimulatory molecules by antigen-presenting cells (APC)s, as well as activating their antigen-presenting capacity and production of type I interferon’s (IFN) proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Type I IFNs are composed of more than ten members and play a central role in antiviral responses by inducing transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), induce several events including homing and activation of adaptive immune cells, including T and B cells. Activation of innate...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sorbonne University, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR-S CR7, Paris, France

    Carole Elbim & Victor Appay

  2. INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR-S CR7, INSERM U1135, 75013, Paris, France

    Carole Elbim

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  1. Carole Elbim
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  2. Victor Appay
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Correspondence to Carole Elbim or Victor Appay .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fraunhofer IME-TMP & JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Michael J. Parnham

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Elbim, C., Appay, V. (2016). Antiviral Responses. In: Parnham, M.J. (eds) Compendium of Inflammatory Diseases. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8550-7_81

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