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Molecular Biomarkers and Treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Biomarkers in Kidney Disease

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Abstract

Recent advances in the biological understanding of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have led to the identification of several molecular biomarkers with prognostic and therapeutic value. Clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of targeted therapies for advanced RCC and a growing body of work is underway to provide molecular biomarkers for response of these new therapies which act primarily against the vascular endothelial growth factor or mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Finding optimal biomarkers will help tailor targeted therapies according to tumor and patient innate molecular factors and provide the best individualized treatments that can prolong survival while minimizing adverse side effects.

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Abbreviations

ccRCC:

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

CECs:

Circulating endothelial cells

CEPCs:

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CTCs:

Circulating tumor cells

ECOG:

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

IFN:

Interferon

ILN:

Interleukin

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase level

LLN:

Lower limit of normal

Metastatic RCC:

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma

miRNA:

MicroRNA

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NGAL:

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

OS:

Overall survival

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PFS:

Progression-free survival

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

RCC:

Renal cell carcinoma

RECIST:

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors

SAA:

Serum amyloid A

SEER:

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results

ULN:

Upper limit of normal

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFR:

VEGF receptor(s)

VHL:

Von Hippel-Lindau

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Acknowledgments

Grant Support: 5R01CA176691-02; Martin J. P. Hennig is a fellow of the Biomedical Exchange Program and receives funding from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 NW 14th St., #309, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Juan Chipollini

  2. Department of Urology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 13, 23538, Lübeck, Germany

    Martin J. P. Hennig

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Room CN 1177A, Augusta, GA, 30912-2100, USA

    Vinata B. Lokeshwar

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  1. Juan Chipollini
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  2. Martin J. P. Hennig
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  3. Vinata B. Lokeshwar
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Correspondence to Vinata B. Lokeshwar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. DeptofBiomedlSci,FacltyofSci&Technology, University of Westminster , London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Chipollini, J., Hennig, M.J.P., Lokeshwar, V.B. (2016). Molecular Biomarkers and Treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Kidney Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7699-9_47

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