Abstract
John Torquemada (1388–1468) was the leading papal apologist of the mid-fifteenth century. Torquemada, a Dominican friar trained as a Thomist, attended the Council of Basel (1431–1449) to represent his order and the King of Castile. There he became concerned that conciliarism would harm the church, the papacy, and his order. He became the pope’s defender. Eugenius IV (1431–1447) made him Master of the Sacred Palace and then a cardinal. As a member of the Roman Curia, he promoted orthodoxy, defended the conversos of Castile, and promoted a crusade against the Ottoman Turks. He also promoted reform of religious houses. Most notably, he wrote a massive Summa de ecclesia (1453), which defended the institutional church against the Hussite heresy and the Roman see against conciliarism. It became a source for later defenders of Rome, including Cajetan and Robert Bellarmine.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Bibliography
Primary Sources
Engelbert of Admont, Pius II, & Torquemada, J. (2000). Three tracts on empire (trans: Izbicki, T.M., & Nederman, C.J.). Bristol: Thoemmes.
Torquemada, J. (1561). Summa de ecclesia…una cum eiusdem apparatu, nunc primum in lucem edito, super decreto Papae Eugenij IIII. in Concilio Florentino de unione Graecorum emanato. Venice: Apud Michaelem Tramezinum.
Torquemada, J. (1869). Tractatus de veritate conceptionis Beatissimae Virginis… (ed.: Pusey, M.). Oxford: Jacobus Parker.
Torquemada, J. (1968). Meditationes (ed.: Zirnbauer, H.). Wiesbaden: Harassowitz.
Torquemada, J. (1988). A disputation on the authority of pope and council (trans: Izbicki, T.M.). Oxford: Blackfriars.
Secondary Sources
Binder, K. (1955). Wesen und Eigenschaften der Kirche bei Kardinal Juan de Torquemada. Innsbruck: O.P. Tyrolia.
Binder, K. (1976). Konzilsgedanken bei Kardinal Juan de Torquemada OP. Vienna: Wiener Dom.
Black, A. J. (1970). Monarchy and community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Horst, U. (2006). The Dominicans and the pope: papal teaching authority in the medieval and early modern Thomist tradition (trans: Mixson, J.D.). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Izbicki, T. M. (1981). Protector of the faith: Cardinal Johannes de Turrecremata and the defense of the institutional church. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press.
Izbicki, T. M. (1986). Papalist reaction to the council of Constance: Juan de Torquemada to the present. Church History, 55, 7–20.
Izbicki, T. M. (2005). The immaculate conception and ecclesiastical politics from the council of Basel to the council of Trent: The Dominicans and their foes. Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 96, 145–170.
Kaeppeli, T., & Panella, E. (1970–1993). Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum Medii Aevi, 4 vols. Rome: Ad S. Sabinae.
Oakley, F. (2003). The conciliarist tradition: Constitutionalism in the catholic church 1300–1870. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature B.V.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Izbicki, T.M. (2019). John Torquemada. In: Lagerlund, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1151-5_280-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1151-5_280-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-024-1151-5
Online ISBN: 978-94-024-1151-5
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities