This is a loess erosion landscape. Due to rainwater percolation, loess funnels and loess collapse holes can evolve into pits deep enough to reach the water table. These pits are called loess sinkholes, which are a large type of loess collapse hole. They are also called ‘heavenly wells’ and form a peculiar ornamental micro-landform.
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(2020). Loess Plunge Cave Landscape. In: Chen, A., Ng, Y., Zhang, E., Tian, M. (eds) Dictionary of Geotourism. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_1444
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