Skip to main content

Agency Problems

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics

Abstract

We illustrate agency problems with the aid of heavily stripped-down models which can be explicitly solved. Variations on a principal–agent model with both actors risk-neutral allow us to illustrate a canonical benchmark case, multi-tasking problems and informed-principal ones. We illustrate intertemporal agency problems using a two-period model with a risk-averse agent, which yields linear incentives. We conclude by briefly looking at more recent developments of the field such as present-biased preferences and motivated agents.

This chapter was originally published in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edition, 2008. Edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Anderlini, L., and L. Felli. 1998. Describability and agency problems. European Economic Review 42: 35–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arrow, K. 1963. Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. American Economic Review 53: 941–973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Besley, T., and M. Ghatak. 2005. Competition and incentives with motivated agents. American Economic Review 95: 616–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, P., and M. Dewatripont. 2005. Contract theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eliaz, K., and R. Spiegler. 2006. Contracting with diversely naive agents. Review of Economic Studies 73: 689–714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fudenberg, D., B. Holmström, and P. Milgrom. 1990. Short-term contracts and long-term agency relationships. Journal of Economic Theory 51: 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, S., and O. Hart. 1983. An analysis of the principal–agent problem. Econometrica 51: 7–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellwig, M., and K. Schmidt. 2002. Discrete-time approximations of the Holmström–Milgrom Brownian-motion model of intertemporal incentive provision. Econometrica 70: 2225–2264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmström, B. 1979. Moral hazard and observability. Bell Journal of Economics 10: 74–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmström, B., and P. Milgrom. 1987. Aggregation and linearity in provision of intertemporal incentives. Econometrica 55: 303–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmström, B., and P. Milgrom. 1991. Multitask principal–agent analyses: Incentive contracts, asset ownership, and job design. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 7: 24–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmström, B., and P. Milgrom. 1994. The firm as an incentive system. American Economic Review 84: 972–991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewitt, I. 1988. Justifying the first-order approach to principal–agent problems. Econometrica 56: 1177–1190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laffont, J.-J., and D. Martimort. 2002. The theory of incentives. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcomson, J., and F. Spinnewyn. 1988. The multiperiod principal–agent problem. Review of Economic Studies 55: 391–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marschak, J. 1955. Elements for a theory of teams. Management Science 1: 127–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maskin, E., and J. Tirole. 1990. The principal–agent relationship with an informed principal: The case of private values. Econometrica 58: 379–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maskin, E., and J. Tirole. 1992. The principal-agent relationship with an informed principal II: Common values. Econometrica 60: 1–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mirrlees, J. 1975/1999. The theory of moral hazard and unobservable behavior: Part I. Mimeo, Nuffield College, Oxford University. Published in Review of Economic Studies 66, 3–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myerson, R. 1983. Mechanism design by an informed principal. Econometrica 51: 1767–1798.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donoghue, T., and M. Rabin. 2005. Incentives and self control. Mimeo: University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauly, M. 1968. The economics of moral hazard. American Economic Review 58: 531–537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rey, P., and B. Salanié. 1990. Long-term, short-term and renegotiation: On the value of commitment in contracting. Econometrica 58: 597–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, W. 1985. The first-order approach to principal–agent problems. Econometrica 53: 1357–1367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salanié, B. 2000. The economics of contracts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shavell, S. 1979. On moral hazard and insurance. Quarterly Journal of Economics 93: 541–562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2008 The Author(s)

About this entry

Cite this entry

Anderlini, L., Felli, L. (2008). Agency Problems. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2773-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2773-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-349-95121-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Economics and FinanceReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics