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Les complications de l’examen endoscopique de routine du tractus digestif supérieur

Complications in routine endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract

  • Published:
Acta Endoscopica

Résumé

L’endoscopie diagnostique du tractus digestif supérieur, dont la diffusion est considérable, jouit d’une réputation d’inocuité.

Les complications mécaniques — perforations œsophagiennes et gastriques — sont devenues exceptionnelles depuis l’usage d’instruments de fin calibre. En revanche, les complications rates — publiées isolément — doivent retenir l’attention: perforations dues à la biopsie intestinale, hématome duodénal, traumatisme splénique, syndrome de Mallory-Weiss post endoscopique.

Les complications infectieuses, moins fréquentes qu’après CPRE ou coloscopie, sont graves et justifient le strict respect des règles de nettoyage et de désinfection des instruments et des accessoires.

Les complications à haut risque de la sédation sont fréquentes et souvent méconnnues chez les sujets âgés, anémiques ou obèses. La surveillance électrocardiographique, oxymétrique, est nécessaire; en cas de complication, la disponibilité de moyens de réanimation immédiate s’impose.

Summary

Diagnostic endoscopy of the upper digestive tract, which has become considerably widespread, enjoys the reputation of being harmless.

Mechanical complications — esophageal and gastric perforations — have become an exception since the use of fine calibre instruments. On the other hand, however, rare complications — published individually — should be brought to our attention: perforations due to an intestinal biopsy, duodenal hematoma, splenic traumatism, postendoscopic Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

The complications arising from infection, less frequent than after ERCP or colonoscopy, are serious and justify the implementation of the strict rules for the cleaning and disinfection of the instruments and accessories.

The high risk complications arising from sedation are frequent and often misunderstood in elderly, anemic or obese patients. Electrocardiographic and oximetric monitoring is necessary and, if complications arise, the availability of means for immediate resuscitation is mandatory.

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  1. P. Mainguet

    Present address: Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie, avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium

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    Ph. Bohon

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Mainguet, P., Bohon, P. Les complications de l’examen endoscopique de routine du tractus digestif supérieur. Acta Endosc 24, 213–221 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02969602

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