Abstract
In 2006 Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), a quarantine pathogen, was detected in the production of ornamental Solanaceae for the first time. PSTVd does not give rise to symptom development in ornamentals as opposed to tomato and potato where it can cause massive damage and severe economical losses. The major concern is that PSTVd might be spread from solanaceous ornamentals to tomato or potato cultures. To assess the risk of mechanical PSTVd transmission to tomato first trials were carried out under greenhouse conditions using Solanum jasminoides as an infector plant. More-over the possibility of soil-borne infections was investigated. PSTVd specific RT-PCR was applied as detection method in order to detect even low level infections. To exclude “false negative” results an nad5 mRNA based internal positive control (IPC), originally developed to improve reliability of virus indexing of apple trees, was successfully incorporated in testing Solanaceae. This IPC not only allows for the control of RNA extraction but also enables to check dependably the per-formance of the RNA extracted in RT-PCR and the functioning of the RT-PCR itself. In the PSTVd transmission experiments a high danger of spreading PSTVd mechanically from S. jasminoides to tomato plants was found whereas soil-borne infections could not be detected.
Zusammenfassung
2006 wurde das Kartoffelspindelknollen-Viroid (Potato spindle tuber viroid, PSTVD), ein Quarantäneschaderreger, erstmals in der Produktion von Solanaceen-Zierpflanzen entdeckt. PSTVd-Befall führt zu keiner Ausbildung von Symptomen in den Zierpflanzen. Im Gegensatz dazu kann es bei Tomate und Kartoffel erhebliche Schäden und wirtschaftliche Verluste verursachen. Es besteht die Befürchtung, dass PSTVd, ausgehend von den Zierpflanzen, in Tomaten- oder Kartoffelbestände eingeschleppt wird. Zur Beurteilung des Risikos einer mechanischen Übertragung des Viroids auf Tomate, wurden erste Versuche im Gewächshaus mit einer infizierten Solanum jas- minoides-Pflanze als Inokulumquelle durchgeführt. Der Nachweis erfolgte über PSTVd-spezifische RT-PCR, um auch geringe Viroid-Konzentrationen zu erfassen. „Falsch negative” Er-gebnisse wurden mit Hilfe einer nad5 mRNA-basierten internen positiven Kontrolle (IPC) ausgeschlossen, die ursprünglich zur Verbesserung der Testsicherheit beim Nachweis von Apfelviren entwickelt wurde. Diese IPC erlaubt es gleichzeitig, die RNA-Extraktion zu kontrollieren, die „RT-PCR-Eig- nung“ der extrahierten RNA festzustellen und die RT-PCR selbst zu überprüfen. In den PSTVd-Übertragungsversuchen wurde ein hohes Risiko für die mechanische Verschleppung des PSTVd von S. jasminoides auf Tomatenpflanzen festgestellt. Bodenbürtige Infektionen wurden hingegen nicht gefunden.
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Seigner, L., Kappen, M., Huber, C. et al. First trials for transmission of Potato spindle tuber viroid from ornmental Solanaceae to tomato using RT-PCR and an mRNA based internal positive control for detection. J Plant Dis Prot 115, 97–101 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356246
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356246