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Strategien für eine regenerative Therapie der Schwerhörigkeit

Strategies for a regenerative therapy of hearing loss. German version

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Zusammenfassung

Trotz beeindruckender technischer Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der konventionellen Hörgeräte und der implantierbaren Hörsysteme richten sich die Hoffnungen in der Behandlung von Innenohrerkrankungen wie Schwerhörigkeit und Tinnitus zunehmend auf regenerative Therapieansätze. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden die gegenwärtig vielversprechendsten Strategien für die Regeneration von Haarzellen im Innenohr zur Therapie der Schwerhörigkeit wie stammzell- bzw. gentransferbasierte sowie pharmakologische Interventionen diskutiert und die bisherigen Meilensteine und wegweisenden Arbeiten auf diesem Forschungsgebiet identifiziert. Nach vielen Jahren der Grundlagenforschung sind nun kürzlich die ersten klinischen Studien mit regenerativem Therapieansatz für schwerhörige Patienten angelaufen. Auch wenn bis zu einem echten Durchbruch noch ein weiter und steiniger Weg zu gehen sein wird, scheint es realistischer denn je, dass regenerative Therapien für das Innenohr den Weg in die klinische Anwendung finden könnten.

Abstract

Despite impressive technical progress in the field of conventional hearing aids and implantable hearing systems, the hopes for the treatment of inner ear diseases such as hearing loss and tinnitus have become increasingly directed toward regenerative therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the currently most promising strategies for hair cell regeneration in the inner ear to treat hearing loss, including stem cell-based, gene transfer-based, and pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, previous milestones and ground-breaking work in this scientific field are identified. After many years of basic research, the first clinical trials with a regenerative therapeutic approach for hearing-impaired patients were recently initiated. Although there is still a long and bumpy road ahead until a true breakthrough is achieved, it seems more realistic than ever that regenerative therapies for the inner ear will find their way into clinical practice.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken Prof. Stefan Heller, Stanford University School of Medicine (U.S.A.), für kritische Kommentare und Diskussionen und Dr. Julia Fraedrich für die Unterstützung bei der graphischen Gestaltung der Illustrationen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt/M., Deutschland

    M. Diensthuber & T. Stöver

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  1. M. Diensthuber
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  2. T. Stöver
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Correspondence to M. Diensthuber.

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M. Diensthuber und T. Stöver geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Diensthuber, M., Stöver, T. Strategien für eine regenerative Therapie der Schwerhörigkeit. HNO 66, 179–187 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-017-0466-1

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