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A trace metal, stable isotope (H, O, S), and geochronological (U-Pb titanite) characterization of hybridized gold orebodies in the Missanabie-Renabie district, Wawa subprovince (Canada)

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Abstract

Mineralized shear zones in the Archean Missanabie-Renabie gold district (~ 1.1 Moz Au; Wawa, Ontario, Canada) locally define composite orebodies that record three hydrothermal events: (1) a pre-orogenic Au1 event (pre-D1 and pre-prograde-metamorphic); (2) a syn-orogenic, post-peak-metamorphic Retrograde event (syn-D3); and (3) a late syn-to post-orogenic Au2 event (late syn- to post-D4). Genetic considerations indicate the orebodies are hybrids with early intrusion-related (Au1) and later orogenic (Retrograde + Au2) events. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients (log10) of whole-rock and LA-ICP-MS pyrite trace metal datasets distinguish Au1 from Au2 mineralization by Au-Ag, Au-Bi, and Au-Te correlations > 0.7 (p < 0.05) in the former, irrespective of sample medium and analytical method. An Au-Mo correlation in whole rock data (0.58–0.76; p < 0.05) further distinguishes Au1 from Au2 and supports an independently inferred intrusion-related origin for Au1. Sulfur isotope data is similar for both Au1 and Au2 pyrite with average δ34S values of − 5.5‰ ± 0.2‰ (1σ) and − 3.5‰ ± 0.3‰ (1σ) and average Δ33S values of 0.4‰ ± 0.1‰ (1σ) and − 0.3‰ ± 0.2‰ (1σ), respectively. SIMS δ18Oquartz values for the Au1, Retrograde, and Au2 events largely overlap and, like δ18Ocarbonate values of previous studies, tend to be lower than values typical of Archean gold deposits. The results of this study suggest that correlation coefficients in trace metal datasets are useful in discriminating and characterizing different gold events. Caution is emphasized with the use of S- and O-isotope datasets for these purposes. The presence of low δ18O values in vein quartz and carbonate is best explained by an 18O-depleted fluid formed during the Retrograde hydrothermal event. The latter is inferred at 2580 ± 21 Ma based on U-Pb geochronlogy of hydrothermal titanite, and relates to deformation and metamorphism in the nearby, amphibolite- to granulite-grade Kapuskasing metamorphic belt. Geochronological and geochemical evidence suggest that the 18O-depleted fluid may have formed via the devolatilization of biotite-bearing granitoids during deep-crustal metamorphism.

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Acknowledgments

GoldTrain Resources Inc. is thanked for allowing access to drill core and stripped outcrops. Ryan Sharpe, with the SIMS laboratory at the University of Manitoba, is thanked for his role in the oxygen isotope analysis. We sincerely acknowledge the constructive feedback provided by Georges Beaudoin, Iain Samson, Peter Hollings, and an anonymous reviewer.

Funding

This study is financially and logistically supported by the Ontario Geological Survey. This manuscript stems from a M.Sc. thesis completed by JM at Laurentian University that was financially supported through the Ontario Geological Survey-Laurentian University Mapping School Agreement. Additional financial contributions to JM are provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the Society of Economic Geologists Foundation, and the Goodman School of Mines.

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  1. Jordan A. McDivitt

    Present address: Centre for Exploration Targeting, School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

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  1. Mineral Exploration Research Centre, Harquail School of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada

    Jordan A. McDivitt, Daniel J. Kontak, Bruno Lafrance & Joseph A. Petrus

  2. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada

    Mostafa Fayek

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McDivitt, J.A., Kontak, D.J., Lafrance, B. et al. A trace metal, stable isotope (H, O, S), and geochronological (U-Pb titanite) characterization of hybridized gold orebodies in the Missanabie-Renabie district, Wawa subprovince (Canada). Miner Deposita 56, 561–582 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00983-9

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