Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Peripheral nerve injuries in the pediatric population: a review of the literature. Part III: peripheral nerve tumors in children

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Child's Nervous System Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Peripheral nerve tumors type, inciedence and treatment in the pediatric population should be analyzed.

Methods

We have performed an extense literature review of this subject.

Results

incidence and distribution are similar to those observed in adults. The most common peripheral nerve tumors in children are neurofibromas and schwannomas. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are also observed, specially associated with genetic syndromes, like neurofibromatosis and Carney complex.

Conclusion

In this review, peripheral nerve tumors have been divided into three categories to aid with understanding: reactive and hyperplastic lesions, benign tumors, and malignant tumors. The most frequent lesions have been described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Baccon J, Wellons JC, Rizk EB (2015) Pediatric peripheral nerve tumors. In: Tubbs RS, Rizk E, Shoja M, Loukas M, Barbaro N, Spinner E (eds) Nerves and nerve injuries. Vol 2: Pain, treatment, injury, disease and future directions. Academic press, London, pp 839–846

  2. Kim DH, Murovic JA, Tiel RL, Moes G, Kline DG (2005) A series of 397 peripheral neural sheath tumors: 30-year experience at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. J Neurosurg 102:246–255

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rodriguez FJ, Folpe AL, Giannini C, Perry A (2012) Pathology of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: diagnostic overview and update on selected diagnostic problems. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 123:295–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Guedes-Corrêa JF, Torrao FJL, Barbosa D (2017) Benign peripheral nerve tumors. In: manual of peripheral nerve surgery: from the basics to complex procedures. Thieme Medical Publishers, Stuttgart, pp 184–194

  5. Hassell DS, Bancroft LW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, Berquist TH, Murphey MD, Fanburg-Smith JC (2008) Imaging appearance of diffuse neurofibroma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190:582–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Gabhane SK, Kotwal MN, Bobhate SK (2009) Morphological spectrum of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a series of 126 cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 52:29–33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Evans DGR (2009) Neurofibromatosis 2 [bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis, central neurofibromatosis, NF2, neurofibromatosis type II]. Genet Med Off J Am Coll Med Genet 11:599–610

    Google Scholar 

  8. MacCollin M, Chiocca EA, Evans DG, Friedman JM, Horvitz R, Jaramillo D, Lev M, Mautner VF, Niimura M, Plotkin SR, Sang CN, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Roach ES (2005) Diagnostic criteria for schwannomatosis. Neurology 64:1838–1845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rodriguez FJ, Stratakis CA, Evans DG (2012) Genetic predisposition to peripheral nerve neoplasia: diagnostic criteria and pathogenesis of neurofibromatoses, Carney complex, and related syndromes. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 123:349–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rankine AJ, Filion PR, Platten MA, Spagnolo DV (2004) Perineurioma: a clinicopathological study of eight cases. Pathology (Phila) 36:309–315

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ferraresi S, Garozzo D, Bianchini E, Gasparotti R (2010) Perineurioma of the sciatic nerve: a possible cause of idiopathic foot drop in children: report of 4 cases. J Neurosurg Pediatr 6:506–510

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Roux A, Tréguier C, Bruneau B, Marin F, Riffaud L, Violas P, Michel A, Gandon Y, Gauvrit JY (2012) Localized hypertrophic neuropathy of the sciatic nerve in children: MRI findings. Pediatr Radiol 42:952–958

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ridel P, Perrot P, Moreau A, Duteille F (2014) A rare tumor of the median nerve in a young child: intraneural perineurioma. About one clinical case. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 59:204–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Al-Adnani M (2017) Soft tissue perineurioma in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol Off J Soc Pediatr Pathol Paediatr Pathol Soc 20:444–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Spinner RJ, Hébert-Blouin M, Zager EL (2011) Peripheral nerve tumors. In: Siqueira M, Socolovsky M, Malessy M, Devy I (eds) treatment of peripheral nerve lesions. Prism Publications, Bangalore, pp 155–170

  16. Fetsch JF, Laskin WB, Hallman JR, Lupton GP, Miettinen M (2007) Neurothekeoma: an analysis of 178 tumors with detailed immunohistochemical data and long-term patient follow-up information. Am J Surg Pathol 31:1103–1114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rasulic L, Samardzic M, Bascarevic V, Micovic M, Cvrkota I, Zivkovic B (2015) A rare case of peripheral nerve hemangioblastoma—case report and literature review. Neurosurg Rev 38:205–209 discussion 209

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hornick JL, Fletcher CDM (2007) Cellular neurothekeoma: detailed characterization in a series of 133 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 31:329–340

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ahmed I, Rawat JD, Singh S et al (2010) Neurothekeoma: a rare sacrococcygeal tumor in a child. J Pediatr Surg 45:1037–1039

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Seo BF, Kang H, Lee JY et al (2013) Ankle neurothekeoma: a case report. J Foot Ankle Surg Off Publ Am Coll Foot Ankle Surg 52:678–680

    Google Scholar 

  21. Skovronsky DM (2004) Pathologic classification of peripheral nerve tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am 15(2):157–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Modha A (2005) Presacral ganglioneuromas. Report of five cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg Spine 2(3):366–371

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Albuquerque BS (2013) Surgical management of parapharyngeal ganglioneuroma: case report and review of the literature. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 75(4):240–244

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Matthews MA (2013) Diffuse intestinal ganglioneuromatosis in a child. J Pediatr Surg 48(5):1129–1133

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Scheithauer BW (2008) Diffuse ganglioneuromatosis and plexiform neurofibroma of the urinary bladder: report of a pediatric example and literature review. Hum Pathol 39(11):1708–1712

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bates JE, Peterson CR, Dhakal S, Giampoli EJ, Constine LS (2014) Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST): a SEER analysis of incidence across the age spectrum and therapeutic interventions in the pediatric population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 61:1955–1960

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Stark AM, Buhl R, Hugo HH, Mehdorn HM (2001) Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours--report of 8 cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir 143(4):357–363 discussion 363–4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Carli M, Ferrari A, Mattke A, Zanetti I, Casanova M, Bisogno G, Cecchetto G, Alaggio R, de Sio L, Koscielniak E, Sotti G, Treuner J (2005) Pediatric malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: the Italian and German soft tissue sarcoma cooperative group. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 23:8422–8430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Yohay K (2009) Neurofibromatosis type 1 and associated malignancies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 9:247–253

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ferrari A, Bisogno G, Carli M (2007) Management of childhood malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Paediatr Drugs 9:239–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Karpinsky G, Krawczyk MA, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Fatyga A, Budka A, Balwierz W, Sobol G, Zalewska-Szewczyk B, Rychlowska-Pruszynska M, Klepacka T, Dembowska-Baginska B, Kazanowska B, Gabrych A, Bien E (2018) Tumor expression of survivin, p53, cyclin D1, osteopontin and fibronectin in predicting the response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in children with advanced malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 144:519–529

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Amirian ES, Goodman JC, New P, Scheurer ME (2014) Pediatric and adult malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: an analysis of data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program. J Neuro-Oncol 116:609–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Casanova M, Ferrari A, Spreafico F, Luksch R, Terenziani M, Cefalo G, Massimino M, Gandola L, Lombardi F, Fossati-Bellani F (1999) Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in children: a single-institution twenty-year experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 21:509–513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wesche WA, Khare V, Rao BN et al (1999) Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of bone in children and adolescents. Pediatr Dev Pathol Off J Soc Pediatr Pathol Paediatr Pathol Soc 2:159–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kasparek M, Schneider W (2013) Surgical treatment of Morton’s neuroma: clinical results after open excision. Int Orthop 37(9):1857–1861

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Omori Y, Tanito K, Ito K, Itoh M, Saeki H, Nakagawa H (2014) A pediatric case of multiple palisaded encapsulated neuromas of the palms and soles. Pediatr Dermatol 31:e107–e109

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Moore RL, White CR (2010) Multiple palisaded encapsulated neuromas in a child without other associated abnormalities. J Am Acad Dermatol 62:358–359

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Hall LD, Ferringer T (2013) Palisaded encapsulated neuroma. Cutis 92(167):177–178

    Google Scholar 

  39. Altmeyer P (1979) Histology of a plexiform neuroma with Vater-Pacini-lamellar-corpuscle-like structures. Hautarzt Z Dermatol Venerol Verwandte Geb 30:248–252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Spinner RJ, Scheithauer BW, Amrami KK (2009) The unifying articular (synovial) origin of intraneural ganglia: evolution-revelation-revolution. Neurosurgery 65(4 Suppl):A115–A124

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Robla-Costales J, Socolovsky M, Dubrovsky A et al (2011) Intraneural cysts of the peroneal nerve in childhood: report of 2 cases and literature review. Neurocir Astur Spain 22:324–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Consales A, Pacetti M, Imperato A, Valle M, Cama A (2016) Intraneural ganglia of the common peroneal nerve in children: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg 86:510.e11–510.e17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Nucci F, Artico M, Santoro A, Bardella L, Delfini R, Bosco S, Palma L (1990) Intraneural synovial cyst of the peroneal nerve: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 26:339–344

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Desy NM, Spinner RJ (2016) Pediatric intraneural ganglia: the value of a systematic review for “orphan” conditions. World Neurosurg 91:658–659.e2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Spinner RJ et al (2003) Peroneal intraneural ganglia: the importance of the articular branch. Clinical series. J Neurosurg 99(2):319–329

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Spinner RJ, Scheithauer BW, Amrami KK, Wenger DE, Hébert-Blouin MN (2012) Adipose lesions of nerve: the need for a modified classification. J Neurosurg 116:418–431

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Maher CO, Spinner RJ, Giannini C, Scheithauer BW, Crum BA (2002) Neuromuscular choristoma of the sciatic nerve. Case report. J Neurosurg 96:1123–1126

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ouvrier RA, McLeod JG, Pollard JD (1999) Peripheral neuropathy in childhood, 2nd edn. MacKeith Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  49. Moschella SL (2004) An update on the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy. J Am Acad Dermatol 51:417–426

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. McLeod JG, Hargrave JC, Gye RS et al (1975) Nerve grafting in leprosy. Brain J Neurol 98:203–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad de León, León, Spain

    Javier Robla Costales & Jaime A. Sánchez Lázaro

  2. Peripheral Nerve & Brachial Plexus Surgery Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mariano Socolovsky

  3. Department of Plastic Surgery, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain

    Rubén Álvarez García & David Robla Costales

Authors
  1. Javier Robla Costales
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mariano Socolovsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jaime A. Sánchez Lázaro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rubén Álvarez García
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. David Robla Costales
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mariano Socolovsky.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Costales, J.R., Socolovsky, M., Sánchez Lázaro, J.A. et al. Peripheral nerve injuries in the pediatric population: a review of the literature. Part III: peripheral nerve tumors in children. Childs Nerv Syst 35, 47–52 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-018-3976-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-018-3976-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation